Sunday, May 31, 2026

Sylvia's Bridegrooms

A Tale of Surprises.
by Arabella Kenealy.

Originally published in The Novel Magazine (C. Arthur Pearson, Ltd.) vol.2 #8 (Nov 1905).


The extraordinary matrimonial adventures of an heiress.


The Bride sat embowered amid wedding presents. She glanced at her reflection in a tall mirror.
        "I look like a person keeping a shop," she said peevishly, seeing her reflected form with its glittering background of jewels and silver.
        She tapped the toe of an irritable foot upon the carpet. She frowned. She pouted.
        "Don't I? Don't I? Don't I?" she demanded in a passionate crescendo of the only person in the room.
        The only person in the room was her Bridegroom-elect. With a pleased air he was reviewing the array of presents. The wedding was to take place on the morrow. To-day the second of two wedding receptions had been held. The bride's mother, almost too fatigued to respond to the "good-byes."of the last guest, had retired to another room.
        The bride and bridegroom were alone amid their host of gifts. The bride was tired and cross. The bridegroom happy and serene.
        To her sharp crescendo of "Don't I's?" he responded drily:
        "Your customers would be very few if you were to frown on them as you are doing."
        "Frown!" she repeated. "Who wouldn't frown? I'm absolutely sore from being stared at. I feel like a two-headed person in a sixpenny booth."
        He smiled across at her—a smile not one woman in fifty could have withstood. A man who had not known her equally well would have crossed the room to kiss her. But this one knew her.
        "It was rather a bore," he agreed. "I'm awfully sorry, little girl. I suppose indirectly it's my fault, although if I had the managing of weddings I would cut all such fuss and paraphernalia. However, it is all over now."
        "All over," she protested. "Are you forgetting to-morrow?"
        "No," he said gravely. "I am not likely to forget to-morrow."
        "It will be a million times worse to-morrow," she insisted. "There will be a church and streets full of starers."
        "There will be compensations," he said.
        Now he crossed the room to stand beside her. He remained looking down at her from his fine height—looking down with masterful fondness.
        "To-morrow," he continued, "they can stare as they please." His voice dropped. "For to-morrow I shall take you right away from them, away from everything and everybody. For a divine fortnight, Sylvia, you and I will be alone together."
        She was in a wicked humour. A great heiress and a beautiful girl, she had been spoilt from her cradle. She was surfeited with life's good things. She was like a child grown sick from living upon sweet-meats.
        "We shall bore one another to death," she cried. "Before three days are out we shall have exhausted all our wit and cleverness. We shall be hating one another."
        He kept his patience. He knew that she was fond of him. He had already faced the circumstance that his wife-elect suffered from the serious drawback of a very bad temper. But few men of spirit are intimidated by the temper of a sweetheart, although the boldest of them shrink before the temper of a wife.
        "The best of being in love," he said, "is that wit and cleverness are superfluous. I shan't ask you to be smart, Sylvia. Let us be just a couple of exquisite fools, dear, as foolish and as happy as the days will be long."
        She was not appeased.
        "The days will be long enough in all conscience," she retorted, "and as to playing the fool, I for one have not the slightest inclination for the rôle."
        "Don't be cross," he appealed, with admirable control. "I know you've had a lot to stand of late with frocks and bonnets and dolmans and things to try on. But it is all over now. You have only the pleasure of wearing them before you. Cheer up, old girl. By this time to-morrow, it will all be over. And you and I will be en route for Paris."
        "I would rather be going on an Arctic expedition," she insisted, flashing her angry dark eyes.
        He smiled whimsically. "I have known bridal trips that were as frigid," he returned, "but I don't promise you anything in that line."
        She turned upon him.
        "Oh! I wonder if you really care for me!"
        "Don't!" he said. "It is superfluous."
        "Shall I tell you what I overheard Maud Lindsay say this afternoon?"
        His eyes met hers. He saw by her face that Maud Lindsay's remark and not merely fatigue was at the source of her temper.
        "No," he said. "I'll answer for it that it isn't worth repeating."
        "It might be true," she insisted in a voice that seemed wrung out of her—a voice compounded of rage and pain.
        "It might, of course," he said. "But, on the other hand, it might not, seeing that Maud Lindsay said it."
        "You're afraid to hear it," she accused him. "Perhaps you know it is true."
        He laughed. "How can I know it is true, when I haven't a notion what it is?"
        "It's about me, I suppose, then," he added. "Oh, well, fire away. I can bear it. If you really think it worth repeating, shoot."
        He drew himself up with a laugh. He squared his soldier-chest like a man braving a death-volley.
        She shot. "I heard her tell Colonel Newborough that she knew for certain—from things that you had said—that you were marrying me for my horrible money. There now, you have it."
        He had jestingly assumed the attitude of a man about to meet a death-volley. If you had seen his face, you might have supposed a real bullet had found him. For a moment he stood rigid, his skin like white paper. Then he said:
        "And you believe it!"
        "Oh, I do, and I don't. How can I judge? She told him she knew for certainfor certain—from things you had said."
        "From things I had said," he repeated. "Does a man go about representing himself as a blackguard?" At last she had succeeded in ruffling him. Now he was angrier than she—far angrier—with a white-hot rage of which she was incapable.
        "Oh, it isn't regarded so seriously," she said with a curt laugh. "People consider it natural enough. I have such a horrid lot of money, I suppose it is a temptation." Her voice faltered. She ended with a sob. Her anger was exhausted. Now she was ready to be kissed and comforted.
        But she had gone too far. He was in no mood for kisses.
        "We must have this out," he said in tense and quiet tones. "Tell me, do you honestly believe your money tempted me? Do you believe that if you had been penniless I should not have asked you to marry me?"
        Frequently when his temper had succumbed to her attacks, she had coaxed him back to amiability by extravagant nonsense. Now she tilted her chin in raillery.
        "Of course not," she cried. "If I had been penniless I should have gone in rags. And with men dress is half the battle."
        "Don't trifle," he insisted. "Seriously, Sylvia, do you think your money weighed with me?"
        She glanced at him between her lashes, as though seeking to learn how much further she might go. His face was calm, though ashen. It did not sufficiently warn her.
        "Why, of course, I know it did," she retorted. "One must have money, although I call it horrid. And, of course, you could never have married on your pay," she added practically.
        She clothed the practicality in a smile. But strychnia administered in honey is none the less deadly. Without a word he turned and walked from the room.
        She sprang to her feet. She followed him into the hall. She was not quick enough. The door slammed before she could reach it.
        She stood in an attitude of indignation. "Did one ever see such a shocking temper!" she protested.
        Then she returned to the drawing-room and wept.
        "My wicked tongue deserves to be removed with red-hot pincers," she confided to a silver rose-bowl. "Still, of course," she added, drying her eyes, "of course, he really couldn't have married on his pay. At all events, he couldn't have married me!"

*                *                *                *

        The trouble was more serious than she had supposed.
        While she and her mother were dining that evening a note and a small packet, addressed in his hand, were brought to her. She opened the note with ostentatious carelessness, having let it lie some minutes beside her plate, albeit her fingers ached to disclose its message. As she read, she gave a sharp little cry.
        "Heavens!" her mother said. "What is the matter?"
        She recovered herself. Her quick eyes flashed out of her ghastly pallor to find excuse.
        "James looks so absurdly solemn," she said with a queer little laugh, her eyes on the old butler. "One might think there was going to be a funeral."
        "Why do you look so absurd, James?" his mistress protested irritably. "There is nothing to be solemn about."
        "Certainly not, ma'am," James returned, with an offended dignity which was rather a disclaimer of absurdity in his appearance than of seriousness in the impending function.
        "You are as white as a ghost," Mrs. Decies accused her daughter.
        "If I am," her daughter insisted petulantly, "it is only the reflection from the table-cloth."
        "It may be that," her mother agreed. She did not seem to realise that Sylvia's countenance had been subject to the influence of the table-cloth for the previous half hour, while her pallor was a thing of moments.
        Soon it was replaced by a burning flush. Her mouth set wickedly. Her eyes flamed. She talked fast and loud.
        "What spirits you have," her mother told her, missing the hardness and pain of her eyes.
        During the evening there was a continuous scribbling and reading of notes, which her maid, with an air of profound secrecy, carried and brought. At breakfast next morning she observed:
        "Prepare yourself for a little shock, mother."
        "Oh, I am prepared," her mother retorted: "For the last two years—since you've been out—I have prepared myself for nothing else. I'm very fond of you, Sylvia, but you're too much of a responsibility. When you have a husband to be responsible for you I shall like you all the better. One can never depend on you for two hours together. Now, this morning, when I had looked forward to you being the prettiest bride of the season, you are a perfect fright. I don't believe you closed your eyes all night. They're as red as—a prize-fighter's. You can't blame the table cloth for that!
        "Well, now, what is the shock?" she resumed. "I suppose you are not going to be married after all."
        "Oh, but I am," Sylvia snapped. "I have only changed my bridegroom. Cyril and I had a quarrel yesterday. I got a note from him last night at dinner saying the wedding was "off" so far as he was concerned. He couldn't think of marrying me under the circumstances."
        Mrs. Decies threw up her handsome be-ringed hands.
        "Gracious goodness! What a scandal! That you should live to be a deserted bride! I declare he ought to be whipped. And he always pretended to be so nice."
        "Oh, well," Sylvia defended him, "I suppose I ought not to have told him he was marrying me for my money. But how was one to know he would take it so huffly?"
        "If you told him so it is you who should be whipped," her mother cried, turning upon her, distracted. "The lawyers couldn't get him to accept a penny. He was as obstinate as a mule. He would live on his pay, he kept repeating, as though he were one of those phonograph things that could say nothing else. Well, I tell you I shall not face it. You must manage and explain things for yourself. I shall retire to my rooms. To have everybody condoling with me because my daughter stands at the altar deserted—a bride without a bridegroom! I would rather be cremated."
        "But there will be a bridegroom: Your daughter will not stand deserted," Sylvia protested. She emptied half-a-jar of marmalade upon her plate and began to spread it upon chicken sandwiches with as much care as though she harboured the intention of eating them.
        "Are you going to marry the sexton or the pew-opener?" Mrs. Decies demanded sarcastically.
        "I am going to marry Bertie Lathom. You always wished it, so that I might have a title. Now it will come off. I arranged it last night. I was not going to be a public laughing-stock."
        "Oh, well," her mother said, when she had recovered from the shock, "so long as you are going to marry somebody I can manage to bear it. Still, it's a shocking scandal. And I'm sorry for Cyril. He is so nice and cared so much for you. But, as it has happened, I suppose I ought to congratulate myself that you are marrying a man of rank. With you one could never tell. It might have been the postman."
        By half-past two there were no traces of tears. Everybody agreed that they had never known a more amazing situation or a calmer bride.
        A special license was procured by a friendly motorist, who arrived only just in time for the ceremony to begin. He and his car were so begrimed with dust that the crowd about the church agreed that nothing less than an extreme of drunkenness could explain his coming to a wedding in such trim. The impression was strengthened by the fact of a policeman hanging on behind, although the latter alleged no worse offence than that of driving ninety-nine miles an hour by the stop-watch in his pocket.

*                *                *                *

        When Carter, Sylvia's maid, on the eve of the wedding, delivered her mistress' note at Sir Bertram's bachelor chambers, "I've just taken him one already," his man informed her. "If this is a staggerer like that, I'll carry him a whiskey-and-soda on the same tray.
        "I never pry into other people's letters," Carter answered loftily. "Please to give it to Sir Bertram and say the lady is waiting for an answer."
        "You the lady?" the man inquired, with a facetious grin.
        "Of course I am," the maid retorted.
        But Sir Bertram, sitting with a grave expression caused by his previous note, broke into loud laughter on perusing this.
        "Just my infernal luck," he said. He took up a pen. Before he had written half a-dozen words, he set it down. His face changed.
        "I'll ring when the answer is ready," he told his man. The man went out.
        He read the notes again:

        "Can't live till morning!"
        "Marry me to-morrow!"

        "Jove I've a mind to risk it. Nobody has a suspicion of the truth."
        His mind worked rapidly. On the one hand was a very slough of debts. On the other a quarter of a million and a charming wife.
        He had always been fond of his cousin Sylvia. And she knew it. She had credited him with a sensitive pride that forbade him to propose to her, for the reason that he was poor. The truth was he had a wife already.
        Only a few men (out of novelettes) are secretly married. He was one of the few. At twenty he had married a music-hall singer. At twenty-one she had left him for a lion-tamer—who, however, like many another valiant person, had signally failed to tame the feminine of his own kind.
        For twelve years her husband had lost sight of her, albeit an occasional demand for money had prevented him from too far congratulating himself upon his release.
        A week before the date arranged for Sylvia Decies' wedding, a message, scribbled on a doctor's card, summoned him to a bedside.
        His wife lay dying of consumption in squalor and starvation, her lion-tamer having long previously deserted her. She was in high fever and did not know him. She had not betrayed her relation to him. She was passing under her professional name of Signora Birdie Montmorency.
        He had had her placed in comfort, but had kept out of the way. She had given his name to the doctor as that of an old acquaintance likely to befriend her.
        Then, on the eve of Sylvia's wedding, a note from the doctor had arrived, informing him that if he wished to see her again alive he must come at once. It was impossible that she could live till morning.
        He had no wish to see her again alive. He merely cursed the fate that had made Sylvia Decies' marriage three months too early—or his wife's death three months too late.
        While so engaged Sylvia's note—a bolt from the blue—was brought to him. She and Capt. Manson had quarrelled on the eve of their wedding, and had separated for ever, it told him. He (Sir Bertram) and she had been chums all their lives. He had always led her to believe he was fond of her. He positively must now come to the rescue and save her from the unspeakable humiliation of facing her world in the rôle of a deserted bride. She would be eternally grateful to him and would try to be an affectionate wife. She wound up with an agonised P.S.

        Do, Bertie. There's a darling. I couldn't face it, and I know my money will be useful to you. You have such extravagant tastes.

        Over the notes his thoughts were long. A spendthrift and man of the world, he had always acted strictly up to the code of his club, the sole creed of men of his type. And the code of his club forbade the thing he was contemplating. Yet, little as his creed exacted, it failed him now.
        He shrugged his shoulders, set his teeth, read aloud that sentence cf the doctor's, "impossible that she can live till morning," and sat down to write to Sylvia that her note had made him the happiest man in the world. He had always loved her. She might rely on him to take that unspeakable fool Manson's place at half-past two the following day.
        "After all, I have more than fulfilled my obligations to poor Birdie," he observed, as he sealed up his note. "And I shan't be injuring her or anyone."
        Nevertheless, his sins were soon to discover him. For, first of all, upon finding himself alone with Sylvia in driving from the church, she transformed herself into a fiend when he attempted to take her hand. Why, she accused him vehemently, had he consented to this horrible exchange? Had she not been mad she could never have proposed so abominable a plan. She loved Cyril with all her heart and soul—and she had married him. Of course she had never meant to live with him. When the people had gone she would write him a cheque for half her fortune and would never, never again see him.
        I will not say it was fruitless for him to expostulate. It was impossible. The most attenuated word of protest could not have inserted itself edgewise between the press of hysterical adjectives she hurled at him. He bore it quietly. He knew something of the ways of women. He did not doubt but that when the hour for their departure should arrive his bride would be ready to accompany him, clad in her right mind and her travelling-dress.
        But before this time a trouble still more serious was to meet him. It lay in the eyes of the doctor who attended his dying wife, and who it turned out was one of the invited wedding guests. He arrived late. He had missed the ceremony. Lathom saw him come. He watched him as he learnt of the amazing shuffle of bridegrooms. Then their glances met. The doctor's bespoke consternation, indignation, proper anger. It told him as eloquently as speech that the brain behind it knew his secret. Birdie then had betrayed him at the last. Well! Had she not always betrayed him?
        Presently the doctor came up to him and demanded to speak with him alone. He shrugged his shoulders.
        "Isn't it useless?" he demurred cynically.
        "It is imperative," the doctor insisted in thunderous tones.
        Then: "Come into the garden," Lathom said.
        When they were alone Dr. Begbie faced him sternly. "I have just come from the death-bed of your wife, sir," he said.
        "She told you the truth, then," Lathom answered. "I confess it seems rather indecent haste on my part. But really she had forfeited every claim to my consideration. And, of course, you must know that my marriage to-day was not premeditated."
        The doctor seemed labouring to speak. Lathom had a horrible suspicion.
        "Tell me," he cried. "She is dead? Your letter--"
        "Yes," the doctor said: "She is dead."
        Lathom mopped his brows. "Thank Heaven for that!"
        "But," the doctor continued with a shocked face, "she did not die till half-past three to-day—more than half-an-hour after the ceremony."
        Sir Bertram broke into a vehement exclamation. "You wrote me—" he began.
        "She rallied," the doctor said. "It is never safe to prognosticate the exact duration of expiring life."
        "Just my luck!" groaned Lathom. "Did anything ever happen so unfortunately?"
        He was a person of resource, however. After a minute he pulled himself together.
        "Well," he said, "when all is said and done, it will resolve itself into a second ceremony."
        "I am an old friend of the family," the doctor said in a determined voice. "The bride must not leave her mother's house until she is legally your wife."
        Lathom laughed curtly. "She expressed her intention of not leaving it at all," he said.
        With the inconsistency of woman, she was none the less piqued, however, that he assented so readily to her proposal.
        "Now I have indeed been married for my money," she reflected bitterly, when he presently took his departure with the other guests.
        "I shall come to see you early to-morrow," he told her with a grave face. "I have something serious to say."
        "It will be utterly useless," she protested, supposing that his something serious would be a demand for the customary rendering of the matrimonial menage.
        The guests were not surprised that the reversion to barbarism, which expresses itself in hurling shoes and confetti, was for this occasion denied them.
        "Sylvia never did do things like other people," they observed. "Her conduct wouldn't be tolerated if she were a penny poorer. And, of course, it is more decent for her to take time for a few breaths between such a lightning change of husbands."
        They smiled sweetly as they kissed her (those of her own sex, that is) and hoped she would be very happy. After all, they reflected privately, she had not acted so irrationally as at first appeared. For although Manson was nice and very handsome, Lathom was a baronet!
        When they had all gone she sat down to write a letter.

        "DEAR CYRIL," she wrote "(of course, I may no longer call you dearest, although you always, always will be), I know I have behaved like a Beast. But, of course, I couldn't face standing up at the altar without a bridegroom, so there was nothing left to me to do but what I did. Oh, how could you behave so? You must have known I never meant it. You know I believed you all that was noble. Only my silly pride and horrid temper wouldn't let me acknowledge it. Oh, you should have made allowance for my horrid temper. I can no more help it than I can prevent my nose from turning up.
        "If you really, really loved me (of course, I know you loved me too much to marry me for my money), but if you had really and truly loved me you would have loved my temper just as you always said you loved my turn-up nose. Both are the defects of my qualities. And really I have some rather nice qualities when I am not cross. Now I shall never again be anything but cross.
        "Still, I mean to be true to you, because, although we can never now be anything to one another, I take this last miserable opportunity of telling you I never did and never shall love anybody else. And I shall never be really Bertie's wife. I shall stop at home with mother and spend my time and my abominable money in detestable good works. And then perhaps in the next world you will forgive your heart-broken, repentant                                                                "SYLVIA."

        Lathom, calling next morning to explain the situation, braced himself for a scene. But Sylvia made no scene. He scarcely knew her. She had neither smiles nor dimples. Even her charming tilted nose had taken on the austere expression of a Roman one. Her hair was plastered smoothly on her head. She wore a gown which he believed she must have borrowed from a housemaid. Her curves and charm and buoyancy, her rippling laughter and her dancing gait had vanished.
        "Good gracious, Sylvia!" he cried in a shocked voice. "Are you ill?"
        "No," she said. "I am only unhappy. Bertie," she appealed, "I have made the most horrible bungle a woman ever made of her life. In a fit of temper I sent away the best and dearest man, the only man I shall ever care for. In another fit of temper, rather than honestly face the consequences of my act, I asked you to take his place. I have behaved abominably to both of you. Now I can never be the wife of the man I love. And I will never be your wife—except in name."
        She would not let him speak. In the same dejected, miserable voice she assured him her mind was made up. As some sort of reparation for the wrong she had done him, she proposed to give him half her fortune. This only on condition that he allowed her to go her way.
        "It will be the way of slumming, Bertie," she said, "and not at all to your taste. It is my selfish life of ease and pleasure that has spoilt me. As for you," she added, with the faint resuscitation of a smile, "you had always a taste to be a bachelor, or you would long since have proposed to me."
        He told her the facts. He called himself a blackguard.
        When she realised the facts, she caught at a table to steady herself. After a minute a miraculous change appeared in her. The colour rushed to her cheeks, the curves returned. Her eyes blazed with joy. For answer and sentence on his crime she lifted her face, and for the first time kissed the blackguard.
        "Heaven arranged it, Bert," she gasped. "Heaven has delivered me from the penalties of my wickedness that I might marry the man I love. For I will never marry you, dear."
        "Then it's an infernally bad business for me," he said gloomily. "I've always been fond of you, and should have asked you long ago, had I been free."
        She insisted upon paying his debts, and on further presenting him with a substantial cheque.
        For a while he demurred. To accept would be to transgress the code of clubs. Finally, however, he consented. His affairs were, as he expressed it, in an infernal muddle. And, after all, the clubs would never hear of it!
        When he had gone Sylvia instructed Carter to fluff up the plastered slabs of hair. Her eyes were dancing.
        "After all, I don't think the style suits me," she observed demurely.
        "Why, that was the reason you gave me for plastering it," Carter retorted. It had made her seasick, she had said, to perpetrate such a coiffure. Her deft hands revelled now in the silken ripples of her mistress' beautiful hair. She achieved a masterpiece.
        "There, now you look like a picture," she cried when she had finished. "The other way made you look as though you was going into a decline."
        "Put me into my prettiest frock and hat," Sylvia bade her. "I am going out."
        "Your travelling gown, ma'am?"
        Sylvia blushed. "No," she said, dimpling demurely. "I may want that—for a more important occasion."
        "So she is going away with Sir Bertram after all," Carter reflected, well-pleased: She liked the notion of being maid to "my lady." Moreover, she liked my gentleman's gentleman.
        When the parlourmaid at Mrs. Manson's house announced "Miss Decies" to her mistress' son, she did so with a mystified face. For had not "Miss Decies" the previous day been transformed into Lady Lathom?
        He was reading Sylvia's letter for the fiftieth time.
        "Oh, what an ass I have made of myself and what a muddle she has made of every thing," he was reflecting for the hundredth time. He rose and stood quietly facing her, waiting until the maid should quit the room, and she should explain herself. The maid closed the door.
        "I wish she'd have given me time to warn him so that he might have smoothed out his hair," she reflected, with the spirit of a partisan. But Sylvia had given her no time, lest he might deny himself to her. He smothered a groan, seeing her stand so fresh and beautiful before him. She could have kissed him for his disordered hair, and for the fact that he was minus a necktie.
        "I supposed you were far away," he said stiffly—"perhaps in Paris," he added bitterly.
        "You mistake me for Lady Lathom," she returned. "Cyril, I am still Sylvia Decies—your Sylvia."
        He eyed her for symptoms of further insanity. "What in the name of Heaven do you mean?"
        She flew to him, laughing and crying. "Not until you've kissed me," she protested.
        He drew away. "Are you mad? You are another man's wife. Sylvia, have you left him?"
        With sobs and tears, with laughter and dimples, the explanation came.
        "Cyril, dear," she sobbed. "Heaven interfered to save me for you. Heaven knew it was only my temper and not my heart that was bad."
        When at last he was convinced:
        "Oh, Sylvia, Sylvia," he reproached her, "if you had behaved rationally, you and I would now be honeymooning."
        She laid her blushing cheek to his.
        "We might be next week," she said, "and this is Saturday. We can just slip into a church with only mother for a witness, and leave mother to explain things afterwards."
        He held her from him to look into her eyes.
        "It shall not be a day later than Monday," he insisted.
        "Monday would do," she assented demurely. "To wait longer would give time for my frocks and hats to go out of fashion."
        He kissed her and sent her way. "I will go this minute for the license." He made for the door.
        She drifted there before him. She turned on the threshold. She kissed her hand to him. Her face was beautiful to see.
        "First go and brush your untidy hair, my dear," she cried gaily.

Herr Zander's Lectures on German Literature

Originally published in Dublin University Magazine (William Curry Jun. and Company) vol.1 #3 (Mar 1833).


        During the last month we were much gratified by a course of Lectures which Herr Zander of Berlin, delivered on the Belles Lettres of Germany. The history of the intellectual developement of a nation—incontestibly the most literary in existence—and an account of the principal authors, and the peculiarities of their style and mode of thinking, could not fail to be highly interesting, especially, as these subjects were to be illustrated by a native who is so much better qualified to enter into the peculiar spirit of the writers of every age, than any foreigner. We, therefore, had raised our expectations rather high, yet find great pleasure in saying, that Herr Zander has not only justified, but far surpassed them. The manner in which he connected the rise and decline of literature with political events, and the critical views he took of the authors were highly interesting, and, to a great extent, entirely novel.
        The following is an abstract of these Lectures:—
        Lecture I.—German Language, its origin and various dialects—The age before Charlemagne— Ulphilas—Charlemagne and his merits about German literature—Influence of the intermarriages between the Imperial Houses of Germany and Constantinople—During the Crusades, German Poetry rises to its greatest height; Minnesingers; their Lyrics.
        Lecture II.—Epic Romances of the Minnesingers; their subjects derived partly from foreign, partly from native Legends: Developement of the origin and history of the four principal Legends and their branches; Poems formed upon them—Foundation of the first German Universities—The political state of Germany causes the decline of national Poetry—Master Singers; the rules and regulations of their poetical trade—Wars of the Swiss against the Austrians and Burgundians call forth a number of patriotic bards, amongst whom Veit Weber, the Swiss Tyrtaeus—Prevailing taste for Satire; several great Satirical Poems—The new-invented Letter-press early gains vast influence—Luther's literary merits, resting not only on his numerous writings, but also on his vast influence upon all Germany—The exasperated spirit between Protestants and Catholics, injurious to Poetry, more beneficial to Prose—Intense Classical studies—With the beginning of the 17th Century dawn of a better age of Literature: Opitz fixes German Prosody: First Silesian School—Abraham a Sancta Clara's Sermons—Second Silesian School—Sad influence of French taste and French literature—I8th Century, new Schools founded by Bodmer and Godsched.
        Lecture III.—Modern German Literature—Influence of the seven year's war—HagedornHaller's Odes and Elegiac Poems—Gellert's Fablesand Narratives—Influence of Young's Night-thoughts: Klopstock, his life;—religion, friendship, and love to his country form the threefold impulse of his genius; several characters of his Messiah reviewed; his Odes rank far above the Messiah—Herder's life, character, genius, and works, illustrated: Jean Paul's opinion of him.
        Lecture 1V,—Lessing, an universal Scholar tears the French tragedians from the throne they had usurped, which he claims for Shakspeare; his merits about the Drama and his influence upon all modern German Dramatists: his Plays; Analysis of Emilia Galotti, a tragedy; his Laocoon; his Polemical writings—Winkelmann has entered more profoundly into the arts of antiquity than any modern inquirer—Wieland, his philosophy, his taste, and tact; his humour; Goethe's opinion of him; analysis of Oberon interwoven with specimens—Account of the Poetical Society of the Grove, formed at Göttingen in 1772: Amiable character of Hölty and extracts from some of his letters. Great merits of the Counts Stolberg Bürger's Genius—Jung Stilling's writings of an original mystic character, directed against Atheism—Short review of the writings of Tiedge, Matthison, and Salis (living Poets.)
        Lecture V.—Jean Paul Friedrich Richter, the most original of German writers; his genius and style, combining the pathetic with the humorous; extracts from his work; his celebrated Dream in SiebenkäsSchiller, the most beloved author of the Germans; his Lyrics and Ballads; his Dramatic Genius, more of an epic-romantic, than purely tragic character: analysis of Wallenstein, a tragic trilogy, and the characters of Wallenstein and Piccolomini: Kotzebue's talents, his merits and demerits—Goethe's original views of nature and philosophy; his humour.
        Lecture VI.—State of Weimar before and after the year 1800—General character of Goethe's Works; his Götz von Berlichingen and its influence upon Sir Walter Scott. Real tendency of Werther's Sorrows. Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship, a manual of experience of the world, and knowledge of man, of philosophy and critics, not written for a superficial reader; original views of the character of Hamlet; Mignon's character. Faust, very little understood, vindicated against the charges of blasphemy, deism and unchristian tendency; the pro-prologue in heaven not understood by the English translators; examination of the characters of Faust, Mephistopheles, and Margaret.
        The Destiny-Tragedians; Müllner, his views of the tragedy; the lay of his Guilt.
        Lecture V1I.—Destiny-tragedians continued; Grillparzer, the lay of his Ahnfrau—Merits of Raupach's Dramatic compositions; Schulze's Caecilia and the Enchanted Rose, two of the best epic romances of the Germans—Körner, the German Tyrtaeus; his life and death; his unequalled war-songs; his tragedies; Zriny analyzed; his Rosamunde—Observations on the study of the German language.
        From the foregoing brief sketch, to which the Lecturer did most ample justice in detail, by imparting to every portion of his subject, the greatest possible interest, a fair estimate may readily be made of his capabilities which we have no hesitation in pronouncing to be of the highest order. A German Professorship has been established in their Institution by the enterprising inhabitants of Belfast, whose exertions in the advancement of literature in all its branches have been, we are happy to say, as successful in their result as they were eminently laudable in their design. We should lose no opportunity of entering the lists of noble emulation with their spirited societies, but encourage as far as it is possible such able Professors of Continental literature as come to sojourn amongst us. The Works of German authors have been but little understood here as yet, and of course but imperfectly appreciated. We trust sincerely that the public lectures, which we understand it is Herr Zander's intention to deliver from time to time, so admirably adapted to remedy the deficiencies of a mere superficial knowledge upon a subject so important, may meet with such a reception as from the talent and industry displayed in their style and arrangement we firmly believe them entitled to.

May-fly Fishing

by M.G. Watkins.

Originally published in Longman's Magazine (Longmans, Green & Co.) vol.1 #8 (Jun 1883).


Delightful as the first warm showery day of spring is to the trout-fisher, his golden days lie yet far before him. Halcyon times indeed are those few days towards the end of May (or more frequently the beginning of June), when 'the insect bloom is on the wing,'—that bloom and completeness of insect life being in his eyes the May-fly. This week is to him an epoch answering to the 12th of August in the grouse-shooter's estimation. All manner of business and engagements must yield to its absorbing interest. Should the trout-fisher happen to be in Parliament, it must be a very pressing question which keeps him then in town. The fly-fisher of country house and rectory is for that week lost to wife and family. His friends know of old that it is useless to expect him during its continuance to be ever found at home. He is a lunatic let loose from Colney Hatch for the nonce. Fœnum habet in cornu—he then wears his straw wig, and must ramble and be left alone: 'Johnson has come, dear, to consult you about taking the Moor Farm,' says his wife to such a devoted fly-fisher, and is told abruptly, 'He must come again; I am busy.' The white-haired clerk calls after breakfast upon the rector with the message, 'John Bastyn wants you to marry him, sir, at eleven o'clock to-morrow;' and is at once begged to carry his master's compliments to Mr. Rowe at Upland Monachorum, who is no fisherman, and ask him to take the marriage. Even when the morrow comes, the eager parson cannot leave home for the river by the little garden wicket without being stopped by his factotum. 'Please, sir, it hev been ordained to hev onions here and cabbages there, but what shall us do about the late carrots?' &c. &c. Many foes, beside that supreme one, the postman, are in league to stop the fly-fisher when the winter's dream is at length within his grasp—when the under-keeper has called before breakfast to tell him that 'the May-fly be up horful strong in Veal's meadow.'
        Entrancing though the charms of May-fly fishing be, the insect is almost unknown on many of the Devon and Cornwall rivers. There a kind of small cockchafer called locally the 'fernweb' supplies its place in a feeble fashion. On many of the Midland streams the May-fly is only seen sporadically. One year it will abound, and be almost wholly absent for several more. It will be numerous on one stream, and next year be unknown on it. On other waters, after many years of regular appearance, it suddenly seems almost to die out. A curious theory accounts for this by ascribing great ravages to the swallow, which, thanks to the Bird Bill, has now greatly increased in numbers. Last year we found one solitary specimen of the true May-fly in the south of Devon long after it had died out in every other locality in the kingdom. Doubtless great floods destroy numberless pupæ of the fly, and it stands to reason that the various insectivorous birds, especially the swallows, must considerably thin the ranks of May-flies; but on most rivers, in spite of these birds, a fair stock remains, if not so large as in past years. The fly generally wakes up to life and activity when damp weather has ushered in a warm sunny noon in June. May-fly, indeed, is most frequently a misnomer. Taking three years at random on our stream, 1873, 1875, 1879, it appeared in those years respectively on June 4 and 17 in the two latter cases. In 1877 it lingered till July 19. Cold weather speedily 'puts down' the rise. Even a cloud passing over the sun causes a marked diminution in the activity of the perfect insects, which flit and hover and sail over a stream like diurnal Jack o' Lanterns, while the trout leap ceaselessly at them, and grow fatter and more sleek daily with the abundance of food on which they gorge themselves. Frequently the flies may be seen dancing aloft on a June evening:

                When day declining sheds a silver gleam,
                What time the May-fly haunts the pool or stream,
                When the still owl skims round the grassy mead.
                                                                (Gilbert White.)

        Then trout-fishing is at its best. Indeed, at Hungerford, on the Kennet, it does not begin until May, when there is some expectation of the May-fly.
        Although the May-fly is so universal a favourite both with fish and fisherman, it is frequently confused with the different stone flies (phryganidœ) of the angler; very few persons know its life history, and several points in this are as yet entirely unknown. Its appearance, as has been said, is periodic, following in this a well-known entomological analogy. Walton's statement that pike grow from the pickerel weed is not more absurd than some of the theories which have been held on the pretty gauze-winged May-fly, that it emerges from the caddis-worm, and the like. The egg is dropped one season into the water and gradually hatches into a larva, very ugly and very savage, semitransparent, active, and six-legged, with no gills, and therefore respiring through the general surface of the body. It lives under stones and changes its skin every few days. Gradually, seven pairs of branchiæ, or gills, are developed. At length, rising to the surface, it splits open the case and rises as the perfect insect to dance away its little life and reproduce its kind, or fall into the water and form a dainty morsel for a trout. It is wonderful how rapidly this transformation takes place. Sir J. Lubbock watched it several times, and 'from the moment when the skin first cracks, not ten seconds are over before the insect has flown away.'[1] Still its metamorphoses are said not to be concluded; after a day or two the green drake (or May-fly) which has thus emerged loses another coat, and changes either into a grey or a black drake, the one being the female, the other the male, of the perfect insect. Every angler knows it in this form, flitting up and down with its own peculiar motion in the sunshine, or sitting disconsolate, with damp folded wings, should it be cold, on grass and sedges near the river's brink. Dear as it is to the angler, we cannot find that his gratitude has spent itself in honouring the May-fly with a song. Not even Kingsley has sufficiently praised it in prose. That fine angler's appreciation of the alder-fly is so eloquent that we could have safely trusted the cause of the gauzy, flitting, nymph-like ephemera to his hands: 'O thou beloved member of the brute creation! ugly thou art in the eyes of the uninitiated vulgar; a little stumpy old maid, toddling about the world in a black bonnet and a brown cloak, laughed at by naughty boys, but doing good wherever thou comest, and leaving sweet memories behind thee; so sweet that the trout will rise at the ghost or sham of thee, for pure love of thy past kindnesses to them, months after thou hast departed from this sublunary sphere. What hours of bliss do I not owe to thee!'[2] In elegance of shape and attire, the May-fly is far superior to this fatal fly. Notice the delicate yellowish shade of its body, its transparent spotted wings, its aërial dance, its apparently aimless flight as busy swallows and mighty swifts plunge through the flitting tribe, like lancers and dragoons riding through a broken foe, and then re-forming, and again performing the same tactics—above all, notice the exquisite harmony of its colouring and its fidelity to its native stream, and then as you put up your rod and prepare to fasten on an imitation fly, compare its heavy unnatural appearance, though tied by the best maker, with the natural insect. Then you will see the boon which both to fish and fishermen is the May-fly.
        How to make even a passable imitation of it is a difficulty. The best we ever saw were tied by old John Hammond at Winchester. As a rule May-flies are tied too large. We lately saw some made by a famous West of England fly-tier, in which the wings were formed of two large yellowish-green feathers. This would only kill on a very windy day. On the other hand, too slim and small a May-fly is a great mistake. When wet, it becomes like the ghost of such a fly, and is never taken unless mistaken by a trout in this drenched, bedraggled state, for some other fly. A year or two ago cunning imitations of the May-fly were sent us by a maker to be tested. Not a fish would look at them; they were meant to float, but had with that view been dressed so coarsely that they terrified the trout. Kingsley recommends a pale straw-coloured body ribbed through the whole length with red hackle, and asserts that he has known it beat a bare-bodied fly in the ratio of three fish to one. Ephemera gives several dressings in his excellent Manual. Whether the three tails of the fly be made of rabbits' whiskers or three hairs from a black bear (both of which he recommends), our own belief is that the artificial fly must be large and yet not cumbrous, more greenish than yellowy, and the wings, without being abnormal, must yet be fuller than those of the real insect.
        Our first experience of catching a large trout on such a fly is still fresh, though it happened many years ago, With much care the fly was artistically cast into an eddy where three or four trout were feeding, and was at once seized by a goodly fish. Having strong tackle, there was no need to 'play' long with it, and in a short time it was half drawn, and of its own accord half rushed up a sloping bank, where it remained quiet a moment or two, having got rid of the hook, and eyed us as we, amazed at its size, gazed for a precious second or two at it. Such a scene could not last long, and as we rushed at it with the landing-net, it leapt up, and at once fell backward into its native brook. But the next fish did not escape in like manner, nor the next again: angling being one of the sciences in which a man grows old learning.
        But it is time to try this 'matadore of trout and grayling,' as Walton quaintly calls the May-fly. The dew yet lies on the grass, and the tree-pipit is circling as it warbles over the tall hedge spangled with roses this morning late in May as we draw near the water-mill. Its sleepy murmur is graceful, for there is much promise of heat, although heavy grey clouds are drifting over the sun. The little river has run from the scanty remains of Sherwood Forest, and the trout which below the deep pool into which rushes the overflow from the wheel, are dimpling the streams, are fat and full-flavoured as befits the locality. A lad rises from a nap under the hedge, and comes forward with a bottle full of May-flies, which have given him some trouble to catch, for they are not rising from the water in any great number, as the day is yet young. The rod is speedily put up, and two of the flies are placed on the hook after a time-honoured fashion which is described in the 'Compleat Angler.' Stealthily proceeding down the bank, a good fish is noticed rising every halfminute with that peculiar sucking sound which betokens a heavy trout. The flies are dropped deftly in above it and suffered to float down. A moment more, and the fish has seized them, and is immediately rushing up and down the stream, with here and there a leap out of the water, and now a dash for a huge mass of floating weed. At length it half gives in from sheer exhaustion, and is landed triumphantly by the boy, or it may be, by the fisherman's carelessness, having gained the roots of the big willow, at once breaks off. These incidents, many times repeated, make up a day's fishing with the natural insect; 'dibbing,' as some call it. On the Irish lakes and elsewhere, a line of floss silk is sometimes used. The wind carries out this without the danger of losing flies which would be imminent were the angler to make a throw. This mode of fishing seems to us poor sport at the best of times, only to be justified by urgent want of a dish of trout. For years we have given it up as cruel to the pretty gauze-winged insects, and too fatal to trout to call forth skill and bring with it the charm of uncertainty. As a stiff rod and strong line is used, the trout has little chance of escape, and the merest tiro can drop the natural bait in and hide behind a tree. For these reasons this style of angling does not find favour with many humane or philosophic anglers.
        How different is a day's fishing with the artificial May-fly! In this case, no insect is tortured; no boy required, who is always out of the way when most wanted, bird-nesting and throwing stones at water-rats. A man may wander and dream undisturbed through the heart of an English spring. With the variety of the scenery and the different songs of the birds, the charming tints of the wild flowers, the wafts of cool wind enhancing the glow of sunshine—with all this, he need not envy even the splendid profusion of tropical life. He is at once put on his mettle to produce, either by his own skill in fly-tying, or from the stores of his pocket-book, the neatest imitation of the Green Drakes[3] which joyously flit over the stream. Now for a cast. Thirty feet away on the opposite side of the stream is a willow, most graceful of English trees, with its glaucous leaves ruffling in the gentle breeze. It is not its beauty, however, which at present attracts us, but the fact that a trout-fisher's keen eye discerned a slight splash in the sunlit eddies rushing under it. The problem is how to cast the fly safely above the fish which made that splash without entangling it in the boughs. The first cast is too short; the second—ah! an envious naiad blew it gently aside on the tree's foliage. What is to be done? It is fast. As mild attempts are useless, a sharp twitch leaves most of the leash dangling from the bough. A fresh one is speedily put on, and the third throw with it drops the fly neatly under the branches and above the fish. It is swept on, and in less time than we can write, has been seized by the fish feeding there; a quick turn of the wrist has hooked it, and we are following the trout in its headlong rush down the bank, doing our best to steer it out of the weeds. Now it leaps out of the water near the bank, and all but hangs itself in a trailing briar depending from above. Now it darts back and makes for a post or the roots of the willow. Safely guiding it past these dangers, in two minutes more we have slid down the bank into a shoal of treacherous mud, but there was no time to think about that, and a dexterous use of the landing-net is followed by net and fish being thrown behind us on the cowslips. Then there is time to wipe the forehead and wade across with no more ado to recover the lost leash. In this style of fishing, every trout has to be stalked, as it were; the fisher has to trust to his own address and experience, and many are the casualties and chances of his sport. But as he returns home through the damp hay-meadows, his basket will generally be heavy enough, and his heart equally light, cares and the petty annoyances of life having floated down the glancing eddies to the sea.
        There are not many intruders on our angler's solitude. At one corner, on emerging from a thicket of willow herbs and osiers, he has suddenly started at coming across a 'flaycrake'[4] among the young wheat. At length he meets a friendly Oxford man, a typical product of the education at present given in that seat of learning. Young Noall has many decided opinions on law, politics, and art. He has long discarded Mill's logic, and Sir W. Hamilton is trembling on his throne before a new master in metaphysic. As for the depths of predestination, political morality, personal responsibility, eternal punishment, the proper mode of governing India, and the true theory of bimetallism—he has sounded them all. Pater is his æsthetical prophet, Browning and Rossetti his masters in poesy and painting. It is pleasant, he thinks, on the ordinary mooted points of religion and morals, to possess a large stock of views; but there is no cogent need at present for our Græculus esuriens to make his decision between many rival superstitions. As for trout-fishing, he has often fished when a boy, and supposes there will not be much difficulty for him to capture trout, especially as the May-fly is so well out. Let us watch his procedure. He discards Stewart's theory of fishing up-stream (a method which should be adopted whenever practicable), and consequently frightens away or misses two out of every three trout, a bitter reflection when the few spring days of our climate are taken into consideration. Then he persists in fishing with a fly much too large and much too gaudy; the 'Golden Firetail' of the advertisements. Over and over again he 'puts down' a fish by throwing this grotesque caricature of a May-fly over it. At length he is persuaded to try another of a smaller pattern. In the damp meadow, near the decrepit willows, let us note his progress. A good trout seizes the lure, and forthwith proceeds to make an example of our over-confident friend. It is with some difficulty that he succeeds in passing the willows as the fish darts down the sluggish stream. But the river soon narrows and the banks are higher, until at a thicket of briars and tangled honeysuckle just below him, the fish stops and darts in. There is nothing for it but to leap down into this and endeavour by using his landing-net to capture the fish, despite of its struggles among the submerged briars. Through them slips the fisherman, up to his knees in water, his face is flushed with the exertion and torn with a briar, his hat falls off and floats away, his net catches in a concealed stump, his line is irretrievably tangled round sticks and thorns, and at length, breaking away with the fly in its mouth, the trout escapes and leaves the Oxford scholar in a sad plight. A little practical knowledge of fishing with the May-fly would have stood him in better stead than the dogmatic temper bred by constantly balancing subtle theories of religion and morals, and confidently deeming his own intellect the pivot of the universe. Young Noall can split metaphysical hairs in abundance, but he cannot artistically catch a trout. Coming home by the fragrant lanes, and stopping a moment here and there to listen to a nightingale in a neighbouring coppice, or catch the gleam of the owl's wing as it skims over the tall hedge into the hay-field with its darkling hawthorns every here and there, we reflect that few poets have done justice to the May-fly. It is a thing of delicate beauty itself, and haunts the most beautiful of rural scenery. It deserves, but, alas! has not obtained, the tenderest of verses. Thomson depicted it faithfully—

                                                To sunny waters some
                By fatal instinct fly; where o'er the pool
                They sportive wheel; or, sailing down the stream,
                Are snatched immediate by the quick-eyed trout.
                                                                (Summer)

And Tennyson points with it a hard moral; how—

                Nature is one with rapine, a harm no preacher can heal;
                The May-fly is torn by the swallow, the sparrow spear'd by the shrike.

But our ephemera has not been sufficiently utilised as the symbol of all that is most brief and beautiful in life, yet a 'vanity of vanities;' the delight it gives the angler has not been sung, nor the bountiful food which it furnishes to fish, so that it resembles its American analogues, the shad-flies, which fill the air on a certain evening once a year, and which are 'snapped at by the fishes so ravenously that many of them die of repletion.' The May-fly, however, has been honoured with a notice by Aristotle. It bursts, he says, from little bags like grape-skins, which float down the river Hypanis during summer; flies till evening, fades as the sun sets, and dies as it disappears, having lived but one day.



        1. Origin and Transformation of Insects, p. 21 (Macmillan, 1874).
        2. Kingsley, Chalk Stream Studies in Prose Idylls (Macmillan, 1873, p. 65).
        3. The May-fly's 'tail turns up towards his back like a mallard, from whence, questionless, he has his name of the Green Drake' (Compleat Angler, pt. 2, ch. vii.).
        4. The term in Holderness for a scarecrow (as 'maukin' is in Lincolnshire); from 'flay,' to scare away, and 'kráka,' O.N. a crow.

An Affair of Honor

Originally published in Harper's New Monthly Magazine (Harper and Brothers) vol.18 #103 (Dec 1858).


"Honor is the subject of my story."

For five-and-forty years I have borne the name of Peter Smith. Though you have never heard of me I flatter myself that my family name will be familiar to you. I am quiet in my habits, and, I believe, not disposed to interfere with the rights of other men; yet even this did not avail to save me some ten years since from becoming involved in an affair of honor. Let me tell you how it happened.
        At the time of which I speak I was an inmate of Mrs. Jones's family. I use the word inmate advisedly, since it was well known that Mrs. Jones never took boarders. In fact she expressly gave me to understand that her only inducement in taking me was the pleasure she expected to derive from my society—that she was far above mercenary considerations. Of course I felt flattered by the compliment thus insinuated, though I confess I was somewhat surprised, since all mercenary considerations were disclaimed, to be charged a higher rate for board than I had ever before paid. Still I did not demur, feeling certain that I had at length found a home.
        Let me describe Mrs. Jones, my hostess. Physically speaking, I should say that she came of a great family, her proportions being most aristocratic. In her demeanor toward me she was always very gracious and condescending, for which I felt properly grateful. She always came to the table arrayed in a stiff satin, the very rustle of which betrayed her consequence, and impressed me with a sense of my comparative insignificance.
        Mrs. Jones had a daughter, by name Sophronia. In external appearance she was quite unlike her parent, being exceedingly tall and slender, while the latter was short and dumpy. In a copy of verses which she was kind enough to show me some enthusiastic young man had the temerity to call her a sylph. I do not know much about sylphs, never having seen one to my knowledge; but I question very much whether sylphs have red hair or noses with an upward tendency. I have my doubts also as to whether sylphs squint. Still I am far from denying that Miss Sophronia Jones was a sylph, since that belief evidently afforded her satisfaction.
        Mrs. Jones's table was admirably adapted for a valetudinarian. There he would find no dishes of unwholesome richness—nothing, indeed, that was calculated to induce excess in eating. If, as some physicians have declared, health is best preserved by always rising from the table with an appetite, I was never in a fairer way to secure its blessings than when enjoying the genteel insufficiency of Mrs. Jones's hospitality.
        About a month after my arrival, conversation turned, at the dinner-table, upon a concert which was to be given the same evening by Signora Falfalini. I have a poor memory for Italian names, but that is the name to the best of my recollection.
        "I wish I could go, ma," said the fair Sophronia.
        "So you could, my dear," replied Mrs. Jones, "if you had a gentleman protector."
        Thereupon she began to declaim against the customs of society which preclude a lady's attending a place of amusement without a gentleman, lamenting that Sophronia had, on this account, been more than once debarred from gratifying her exquisite taste in music.
        Of course I could not, in politeness, refrain from offering my escort, although I should thereby be prevented from attending the weekly meeting of the club of which I am a member.
        Sophronia, in great confusion, said she could not think of troubling me.
        I began to hope that she would not; but her mother quietly silenced her scruples by saying that she was a silly girl (thirty-five if she's a day), and that she must not think of refusing.
        Sophronia made no further objections, and I had the pleasure of paying a high price for a couple of tickets.
        Nature not having bestowed on me a musical ear, I could enter but indifferently into the raptures of my companion, who pronounced Signora Falfalini's singing divine, although she considered her quite devoid of personal attractions. The Signora being built after the same model as Sophronia, I quite agreed with her in this last bit of criticism.
        "Do you know," simpered my companion, confidingly, "I have myself thought at times that I was designed by Nature for a prima donna or an opera singer like Signora Falfalini?"
        "Then why did you not become one?" I inquired.
        "Because ma had such an objection to any thing of a public character. She felt that I should be demeaned by so doing, and advised me to content myself with contributing to the gratification of my friends at home. You have never heard me sing, I think?"
        I had at times heard a shrill voice in a very high key, as I sat in my room, which had struck me as far from agreeable. I thought it best, however, without mentioning this, to utter a simple negative.
        "You must not expect much," continued Sophronia, "my voice is wild and uncultivated. Ma is always telling me that I ought to devote more attention to it; but I can never sing except when the inspiration seizes me. If you will come in to-morrow evening I will sing for you if you would like."
        I expressed my thanks for this disinterested kindness, and, as the concert was now finished, proceeded to escort the lady home.
        As we were making our way through the crowd, it chanced that some one, accidentally or otherwise, jostled my companion.
        She immediately seized my arm convulsively and informed me that she had been insulted.
        "Who did it?" stammered I, for I confess my courage is not of the highest order.
        In reply Sophronia pointed out a tall gentleman with a very fierce mustache, who was standing at a little distance.
        Mentally deciding that it might not be prudent to have an altercation with such a person, I hastened to assure my companion that it must have been an accident.
        "No," said she, very decidedly. "It was not an accident. It was intentional. I wish you to demand an apology in my name."
        "Don't-you think it would be better," said I, in great embarrassment, "to treat him with silent contempt?"
        Sophronia was by no means of this opinion.
        Accordingly I approached the gentleman, who appeared still more formidable on a nearer view, and asked—in what was intended to be a resolute tone—"what he meant by insulting the lady under my charge."
        "Sir-r-r," he ejaculated, wheeling sharply around.
        I repeated my request in a fainter tone, and suggested that I trusted it was accidental on his part.
        Stroking his mustache very fiercely he informed me that he had no explanations to make—that if I wished to hear from him at any time I should have an opportunity, and forthwith presented me his card.
        Without stopping to look at it I slunk away in the crowd and soon reached home.
        My companion intimated that she supposed I should seek satisfaction in the usual way.
        I said something indistinctly—I am not sure exactly what—and very thankfully took leave of the fair Sophronia in the entry.
        Reaching my chamber, I examined the card which had been placed in my hand, and found inscribed thereon the name of Captain Achilles Brown, Astor House. Very probably he was distinguished by the same qualities which characterized his great namesake, and it made me shiver even to think of a conflict with him. Resolving that I would at least take every possible means to avoid it, I went to bed and sank into a slumber disturbed by frightful dreams, in which I fancied myself shot through the heart by that terrible Achilles Brown.
        Early next morning, while in the momentary expectation of hearing the breakfast-bell, I was startled by a knock at the door. Immediately afterward entered a tall man, "bearded like a pard." He introduced himself to me as a cousin of Sophronia, and intimated that, having heard of my difficulty of the previous evening, he had come to offer his services as my second.
        Thanking him for his kindness, I said that I had not, as yet, decided to call out the gentleman in question.
        "Not yet decided!" repeated my visitor, springing to his feet, causing me thereby to recede two paces, in some personal apprehension; "not yet decided! But perhaps I do not understand you."
        I intimated, rather uncomfortably, that I had conscientious scruples against the practice of the duello.
        "Conscientious fiddlesticks!" interrupted my visitor. "Sir, you must fight. There is no alternative. A lady has been insulted while under your protection. That lady is my cousin. Unless you take notice of it, I must."
        "I shall be very glad to have you," said I, eagerly, thinking to shift the duel upon him.
        "You misunderstand me," said he, gravely. "Unless you challenge Captain Brown, I shall understand it as a personal disrespect to my cousin, and shall challenge you. Choose which of us you will fight."
        This was said so resolutely that I succumbed at once. I reflected that, while there was equal danger to be incurred in a duel with my visitor, there would be less credit.
        "Shall I write the missive?" inquired my companion, who called himself Lieutenant Eustace.
        "Yes," said I, faintly.
        He sat down at my desk, and in a few minutes produced the following:

        "Sir,—You grossly insulted a young lady, while under my protection, last evening. As a man of honor, I call upon you either for an ample apology, or for the usual satisfaction accorded in such cases. I send this by Lieutenant Eustace, who is authorized to act as my friend.                Yours, etc.,                PETER SMITH.
                "CAPTAIN ACHILLES BROWN."

        Having signed this, with some misgivings, I inquired as to the character of this Captain Brown.
        "I don't know much about him," said my friend; "but I presume he is a regular fireeater."
        This was satisfactory—very.
        "Suppose," said I, in a tremulous voice, "you erase the word 'ample' before 'apology.' I shall consider any apology sufficient."
        "But I shall not," was the Lieutenant's emphatic reply.
        There was no more to be said. He departed with his missive; and I was left in no very enviable frame of mind.
        Two hours after, the Lieutenant returned in high spirits.
        "Has he apologized?" I inquired, eagerly.
        "Not a bit of it," was the reply. "He vows that he will shed the last drop of his blood first."
        "What a sanguinary monster he must be!" was my internal reflection.
        "The meeting is appointed for to-morrow morning, an hour before sunrise," resumed the Lieutenant. "It is to take place at Hoboken: weapons, pistols; distance, fifteen paces."
        "Isn't that rather near?" I ventured to remark.
        "Near? Of course, you want it near. You will be more likely to hit your man."
        "And he will be more likely to hit me," I rejoined.
        "Of course," was the careless reply. "You must take your chance of that."
        I could not help wondering whether he would be so cool about it if he were the principal, and I the second. In fact, I have always observed that seconds are much more scrupulous about the honor of their principals than they are disposed to be about their own. I suppose it is human nature. I think it altogether likely that I should make a very fierce second.
        "I suppose you are used to pistols?" remarked my friend.
        Used to pistols! I remembered once having fired one as a boy to the imminent danger of my little sister's life. Since then I had not had one in my hands.
        As I strolled out into the streets in an unhappy frame of mind, a newsboy thrust into my hand a daily paper which I mechanically bought. Glancing over the columns I observed that a boat was advertised as about to start that day for Havana. The hour of departure was four in the afternoon. A sudden thought struck me. Would it not be much better to embark for Cuba than remain behind to be shot—a result which the state of my nerves and my want of practice with the pistol rendered altogether probable.
        With new-born alacrity I immediately repaired to the boat and demanded to see the agent. He informed me that the boat would positively start at the hour indicated.
        I asked to see the list of passengers.
        Running my eyes casually down the list my heart beat quickly as they fell upon the last name. Could it be possible that my dreaded opponent Captain Achilles Brown had secured passage! What could be his motive?
        "When did this gentleman book his name as a passenger?" I inquired.
        "Not half an hour since."
        "Did he understand that the boat started today?"
        "Yes; he made particular inquiries on that point."
        "Will you describe him to me? Is he tall?"
        "Yes, quite so."
        "And has a black mustache?"
        "Yes."
        "A dark complexion, and wears a large cloak?"
        "Precisely. You know him, then?"
        "Very slightly," said I, carelessly. "By-the-way, I don't think I shall be able to get away for a week. I won't engage to-day."
        "We would give you good accommodations."
        "No doubt of that. On the whole, you needn't mention to Captain Brown that any body inquired for him."
        My heart bounded with exultation as with some difficulty I realized that my opponent, whom I had dreaded so much, was about to leave the country from fear of encountering me.
        What a joke that was! I laughed all the way home, though I endeavored to preserve my gravity. On the way I purchased a brace of pistols, which I ostentatiously displayed on reaching my boarding-place.
        "To think you should risk your life for me," simpered the fair Sophronia.
        Miss Sophronia," said I, with suitable fierceness, "no one shall with impunity insult a lady while under my protection."
        During a portion of the afternoon I practiced shooting at a mark, and was never more lively than at the tea-table. Lieutenant Eustace, who was present, seemed considerably surprised at the change in my demeanor, and was evidently puzzled to account for it.
        After tea I invited the company to witness my will, which I had drawn up for the sake of producing an impression. It proved quite a master-stroke. I noticed that Lieutenant Eustace treated me with increasing respect, while Sophronia repeated several times under her breath, but loud enough for me to hear, "Brave man!"
        All this I enjoyed, and took the opportunity to discourse severely upon the sacredness of honor, in defense of which I asserted that any man ought to be willing to lay down his life.
        In the course of the afternoon I had had the pleasure of witnessing the sailing of the Ariel, with Captain Brown on board. Whether this circumstance had any thing to do with inspiring in me these elevated sentiments, I leave the reader to judge.
        The next morning at an early hour I proceeded to the field with my second.
        Captain Achilles Brown was nowhere to be seen!
        I professed a great deal of disappointment, and insisted on waiting three hours to allow him ample time to appear. Of course it was in vain. All, however, testified to the remarkable courage which I displayed under the circumstances, and tendered their congratulations. The affair even found its way into the papers, and I found myself all at once elevated into a hero. I could not walk Broadway without being furtively pointed out as the celebrated duelist. Among the ladies, particularly, I became an object of great attention—a circumstance that may well excite surprise when it is considered that my only claims to their regard lay in my having been implicated in an affair which the moral sense of the community professes to condemn.
        Soon afterward I left my boarding-place to the great regret of the fair Sophronia. I afterward learned that, had I shown the white feather, it was arranged that Lieutenant Eustace should force me into a marriage with his cousin on pain of a duel with himself. The extraordinary show of courage which I exhibited imposed upon him to such an extent that he did not think it advisable to offer the alternative, lest I should accept the duel.
        I have heard nothing of Captain Achilles Brown since the memorable day on which he did me the service to sail for Cuba. Had he possessed a little more courage, I shudder to think what might have been the result.

The Praise of Smoking

by H.J. Whitling [Henry John Whitling].

Originally published in Bentley's Miscellany (Richard Bentley) vol.27 #160 (Apr 1850).


What it is to be a German?—The art of Thinking fully exemplified.—The sad effects of eating an Apple!

        Reader, I am a German! Lest, however, you should not happen to know what it is to be a German, and I, in consequence, become misunderstood, the term must be explained. To be a German, then, is, first and foremost, to be a smoker—in other words a thinker—necessarily therefore a philosopher—which, being again interpreted, only means much more of a dreamer than a doer. Mind! I do not consider this last-named characteristic, taken per se, as by any means either uncommon, or peculiar to the Germans; on the contrary, I believe that most people in the world are far more given to dreaming than doing—to thought rather than to action. This, however, like everything else, has its good side. Indolence—call it, if you will, inactivity—is the grand Pacific Ocean of life, into whose stagnant abyss the good and the bad oftentimes alike fall and have their end. It is a sort of moral Dead Sea, wherein, if the most salutary things produce no benefit, the most pernicious, on the other hand, produce no evil. The fact is, there are thousands, nay, perhaps millions, who want energy, for one who wants motive; and dreamy sloth, take my word for it, has prevented the active operation of as many vices in some minds, as of virtues in others. In this respect the Germans are the first people in the world—at least so they say—and I'm sure they think so. But the distinction can only be arrived at by the gentle gradations I have already pointed out; the whole, however, being based upon smoke—for I am fully persuaded that the marked inferiority of the rest of the world arises solely from their inability to smoke as the Germans do. Since the days of Hume and Porson in England, and a few other equally glorious exceptions elsewhere, it has ever been considered indisputable that smoking induces thought, and thought philosophy, and philosophy that dreamy state of mind or intellect which elevates its possessor far above the Clouds of Aristophanes, or the seventh heaven of Mahomet, or even the dwelling-place of Him who is exalted far above either.
        Not that merely blowing clouds of smoke will ever make a nation great. It is only to be regarded as an important element in their greatness! The Turk, to whose prophet I have just now so respectfully alluded, he also smokes. But how unlike the German! It is of no pure inhaling. He, like his celestial brother of the moon, puts opium into his pipe and smokes that, and then fancies he is thinking. But they are self-deceivers both. Their dreams are mere torporitic illusions, and, until very lately, as testified by one or two recent treaties, of no use whatever to themselves, or to anybody else.
        The Indian, it is true, enjoyed the weed long before the German; but though he notoriously grew the best tobacco, he never seems to have had anything else worth thinking about, till he began to negociate with the pale-faced stranger, who so abominably hocussed him with brandy, that since that time he has never been able to think about anything at all, except perhaps "the bones of his fathers," for which uncivilized remains the more enlightened portion of the world naturally entertain not the slightest regard.
        Then the Dutch! I had almost forgotten them. They smoke also. But, ye gods! does it inspire them with "thought expansive" like the Germans? No. Here the natural and reasonably to be expected transition is at once broken; the sequence signally and entirely fails. In vain do we seek in their heads the anticipated influence.
        To be, however, a smoker, thinker, philosopher, dreamer, at one and the same time—this, this it is to be a German! And, doubtless, this powerful combination it is that so wonderfully distinguishes the German above all other nations of the world. For my own part, however, I sometimes fear that I am not a true German, for I find myself failing in many of those outward and visible signs by which he may generally be distinguished. For instance, I cannot hate and despise the Jew— an acknowledged Christian duty of every German. I cannot eat peas with a knife, or pick my teeth with a fork; neither can I handle either of those useful instruments as the bandit handles his dagger, or Le petit tambour his drumstick! Then for the moral qualifications. I cannot philosophise, though I have often tried; and as to dreaming, I dream but very, very little, and then, mostly, after an over-late or over-loaded supper of sauer kraut and sausages! I have, however, studied, a little, the art of smoking—everything is studied in Germany. I am rather given to observation; and, at times, I verily believe I have caught myself thinking in a way not altogether discreditable to my country. Therefore, there is, perhaps, a rational ground of hope that, in my case, philosophising a dreaming will, in due time, be respectively attained.
        Meanwhile, it is something to be able to think. This you must allow. And yet I declare—although as one of "a nation of thinkers" I must, of course, value the inborn prerogative—I often ask myself whether thought is for mankind, a benefit or misfortune? All continental governments—and they certainly ought to know best—unite in affirming the latter; and, considering the consequences its exercise has brought upon themselves, they are no doubt right in doing all they can to prevent the use of anything so dangerous.
        The question may indeed be asked as regards mankind in general—what good comes of all their thinking? They break their own heads with problems, and occasion the breaking of other people's heads with brickbats, but still the world goes on its own way. In my opinion, therefore, he who does not think at all, or, thinking, thinks about nothing, has much the best of it. He is contented with himself and the world, and the world is contented with him. He is not disturbed by the past, the present he does not understand, and for the future! what is it to him? But look for a moment on the man who can perform no act himself, or witness the performance of any act by others,—who can touch nothing, taste nothing, handle nothing; or see anything touched, tasted, or handled, without trying its merits and character at the bar of that secret police agent, reflection—such a one not only plagues himself perpetually, but often embitters the life of his neighbours. He who is addicted to this kind or habit is liable to have his mind sent wandering and his thoughts troubled even by the most trivial circumstance. For instance, he is perhaps eating a biscuit or a halfpenny roll, and straightway he begins to think of corn tillage, the plough, the flail, and the windmill. The windmill naturally brings to mind Don Quixote and Cervantes, from which the transition flows easily on to Spanish literature and the Spanish Inquisition. This is the melancholy result of mere ordinary thinking when uncontrolled. Some extraordinary thinkers, however, there are, whose vagaries in this way often bring them unawares upon subjects of still sadder contemplation.
        One of these perhaps bursts a button-hole, or tears the skirt of his coat, and he instantly begins to think upon all things tearable, tearing, and torn ; on German dynasties and German long suffering, which are now not only among the most tearable things, but actually beginning to tear, and then on poor torn Germany, whose lamentable rents a parcel of diplomatic tailors are now vainly endeavouring to patch together again. For myself, however, good reader, I am only as yet a very poor and imperfect smoker, and, as a natural consequence, a very poor and imperfect thinker.
        Three days ago I received a present of some apples from a Jew in Fürth. On opening the basket to emancipate the well-secured prisoners, I was naturally led to think of Jewish emancipation, and of the consummate impudence of the Bavarian Upper Chamber in its barefaced appeal to England, forsooth, as an example for withholding it! This aptitude for misstatement, where prejudice is concerned, speedily brought to my recollection the too hastily made assertion of one portion of the English press, that "the only talent the Jew possesses is that of getting money." I was sorry to read this, and especially in a newspaper for whose opinions on other matters I confess entertaining the highest regard. I do not deny that ever since the memorable period when they borrowed those jewels and ear-rings of the Egyptians,—a sort of state loan, which, like many other state loans, Austrian, Spanish, Greek, and Mexican, was never returned,—the Jews have been very cunning dealers in gold and silver. But then they have other talents beside, talents that no napkin I ever yet saw would be large enough to conceal.
        It is not necessary, thought I, while unpacking the rosy-cheeked Borstolörfer, to search the records of bygone days for testimony in favour of these our elder brethren (the Jews, I mean, not the apples), for though now in error and unbelief, they are our brethren still. The facts are before us, written out in characters brilliant and ineffaceable.

        Who composed "Il Barbiere?"
                Rossini—                                                                                             A Jew!
        Who is there that admires not the heart-stirring music of the "Hugonots" and the "Prophet?" The composer is
                Meyerbeer—                                                                                        A Jew!
        Who has not been spell-bound by the sorcery of "Die Jüdin?" By
                Halevy—                                                                                              A Jew!
        Who that, at Munich, has stood before the weeping Königspaare, whose harps hang silently on the willows by the waters of Babylon, but has confessed the hand of a master in that all but matchless picture? The artist is
                Bendemann—                                                                                      A Jew!
        Who has not heard of the able and free-spoken apostle of liberty?
                Boerne—                                                                                              A Jew!
        Who has not been enchanted with the beautiful fictions of lyric poetry, and charmed with the graceful melodies, so to speak, of one of Israel's sweetest singers?
                Heine—                                                                                                A Jew!
        Who bas not listened in breathless ecstasy to the melting music of the "Midsummer-Night's Dream?" Who has not wept with "Elijah," prayed with "Paul," and triumphed with "Stephen?" Do you ask who created those wondrous harmonies?
                Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy! who, alas! that I must so write it, was—                                                                                                                                A Jew!

        These, however, are not the only reflections to which the basket of apples gave rise. The same day, after dinner, while eating one of them, I could not help thinking of the important part an apple has played in the world's history. I first thought of the German imperial apple (Reich's äpfel), whose golden exterior was only filled with bitter ashes, the fruit of deadened hopes from the Lake Asphaltes. Then came thoughts of that of Paris, an apple of discord which caused the loss of a queen, the fall of Troy, Homer's "Iliad," and consequently the plague and punishment of many a school-boy. I thought, too, of the apples of the Hesperides and the apples of Paradise, and then began to consider in what condition the world would probably have found itself if Eve (instead of the tree of knowledge) had eaten the fruit of the tree of life. Mankind would have wanted no apothecary, no medical man, no surgeon, no churchyard, and no life assurance companies; Morrison's pills, the water-cure, homeopathy, and allopathy, would have been alike unheard of; and the violent strife whether it be better to put one's fellow-creatures under the sward with too much or too little medicine, would have been unknown. There would have been no "Plutarch's Lives", nor any necrologists; no mourning relatives, no laughing heirs, no necessity for the daily cares and anxieties to sustain life. Even the German schoolmasters could have lived, and the Silesian weavers and the wretched Irish would not have starved. The breed of fine long-tailed black Flemish horses would probably have become extinct in England, for there would have been no funerals, no fashion in burials, no waste of means in parading the dead, no hearse, no solemn-faced rascal of an undertaker, and no still more rascally undertaker's bill; and, moreover, the venomous tongues of envy and slander would nowhere have had an opportunity of saying aught in detraction of the handful of dust that lies mouldering at their feet; we should have had no dishonest guardians, no heirs-apparent, no crown princes, no "Letters from the Dead;" there would have been no Desdemona slain through jealousy, no Romeo poisoned through love, and no mawkish bread-and-butter-cutting lady-lover, shooting himself, like Werther, from a puling sickening mixture of passion and foolery (the only exception I should be disposed to regret). Indeed, although the world might still have been a stage, we should at all events have had no tragedy, which would, however, have been a great impediment as well to poetical justice as to the poets themselves, who, long before the end of a five act piece, are not unfrequently much puzzled to know how comfortably to dispose of their creations. All would have been comedy, and we should have had no coward on the face of the earth, seeing that the display of courage would not have endangered life; we should have had no military, and, as Cobden would say, consequently no wars, and consequently no war-offices, and consequently no such thing as military honour, and consequently no duels; and it is a question whether Berthold Schwartz would ever have discovered gunpowder; we should all have been undying ones; Cato's soliloquy would not have been written, and "To be or not to be" a question that would never have been spoken.
        Thus would it have gone in the world if the first of all women had not yielded to temptation, and put forth her hand to that very pleasant-looking, but very equivocal fruit of the tree called knowledge. But she took it, and did eat, and now death in a thousand forms assails us. We die of ennui and impatience of having teo much to do, and of doing nothing. We die in infancy, youth, manhood, and in old age. We die of cold and of heat—of anger, passion, and disappointed love: of hunger and thirst; of taking too much, and of taking too little; of a redundancy of bile, as well as of a deficiency of money. In a word, we are now poor dying mortals, swept away, some of us, by every passing breeze, and men and their doings are alike transitory. Yet is this thought not altogether without its consolation. If all things be mortal, then it necessarily follows that the Schleswig-Holstein question cannot endure for ever; neither the blockade of the Piræus; nor Russian intrigue in Greece and India; nor the betrayal and enslavement of Hungary; nor the crusade against freedom in the Caucasus; nor the present maps of Poland; nor the present condition of Ireland; nor the great plague-spot of the American Republic; nor the kingly compact against the liberty and unity of Germany. Then amongst mankind: the great corn-law agitator (to the protectionists' unspeakable comfort) is not immortal in the flesh any more than the Austrian midnight, or mitternacht (I never can spell that name) in the spirit! Nor Bombastes, the mighty king of the North, nor the weak representative of the imperial long-headed-dynasty of the South. Windischgracz and the star-bedizened hangman, Haynau, and other cold-blooded slaves of cruel despots. The floggers of women, and the wholesale and treacherous assassins of noble-minded men, will not cumber the ground for ever! Only their names and deeds will stand out-written—immortalized in that dread history for whose bloodstained pages they themselves have supplied the materials.
        But hold, my fancy! whither wilt thou run? Said I not rightly that thinking will oftentimes embitter the hours of life? Ay, even to the shaming of one's "humanity." To be sure the fruitful text was, in this case, one full of fatality, and that which first introduced sin and sorrow into the world, could hardly be expected to afford any very pleasant matter of after contemplation. 'Tis enough! and the sad hue thus cast upon the hour, disinclines me to any further effort in this branch of intellectual industry. Gather from it what comfort ye may—for it has its good side—but let it serve as a warning to show to what sad lengths any man may be carried, who gives thought the rein, even while eating an apple!

Success

by the Author of "The Provost of Bruges," "Love's Sacrifice," "Look Before You Leap," & & [George ...