Tuesday, June 30, 2026

The Baiting of 'Ponty'

A School Story.
by Henry T. Johnson.

Originally published in The Novel Magazine (C. Arthur Pearson, Ltd.) vol.2 #10 (Jan 1906).


How the drawing-master won the respect of the boys.


"Who is it?" asked Darnell Major.
        Beau Ballantyne, fixing the monocle he was beginning to manage quite impressively, drawled after a pause: "What is it?"
        The gawky, unkempt figure shambled towards us, still struggling with its burden of brown paper parcels, and inquired if we would be so kind as to direct him to the Headmaster's quarters.
        Ballantyne fixed on him a supercilious stare, and replied:
        "It would be easy enough, but I'm afraid it would waste your valuable time. The Headmaster makes it a rule not to receive canvassers."
        'Pon my word, I felt quite sorry for the poor beggar; he flushed to the roots of his untidy hair, and stammered, with an awkward, forced smile:
        "I—I daresay, only it happens that I'm not travelling in biographies or dictionaries. It may simplify matters, young gentleman, if I say that I'm your new drawing master!"
        A drawing master! Our drawing master! We scarcely knew whether to howl or yell. It seemed so preposterous to imagine that seedy, down-at-heel, shabby chap as a master of any kind at St. Catharine's Collegiate School, generally known among public schools as "Kitts." We were at a loss for words to express our amazement, but I think our very silence was sufficiently eloquent, for the flush glowed deeper still on the angular cheekbones, and I fancied I heard a sigh as he shambled off in the direction curtly indicated by Beau Ballantyne.
        We wondered what sort of a reception he would be accorded by the Reverend St. John Bolingbroke, D.D., who was almost as eminent a social celebrity as he was a scholar. Also by his staff, mainly selected from Blues and Honours' men. Darnell Major was ass enough to say he felt sorry for the poor beggar, but Beau Ballantyne, whose tailor came down to Kitts to fit him, whose people were always figuring in the Society pars, wouldn't listen to any such hankey.
        "The man has no sense of proportion or correctness," he said. "There are other places for such men, and by coming here he invites the cold shoulder, and, mark my words, he'll get it."
        And he did. Ballantyne himself was not more supercilious to Mr. Stephen Pontifex, the new drawing master, than were his chief and his colleagues—and scant wonder. He was as self-conscious as he was shabby; he shambled not only in his gait but in his speech. He saved the other masters the trouble of sending him to Coventry by retiring into his shell, but before he had been at Kitts a fortnight it was freely rumoured that the Head had declared he wouldn't do.
        Mr. Pontifex had no weight at Kitts. The Fourth youngsters cheeked him behind his back, the Sixth and Seventh to his face.
        "Doesn't know his work?" I heard Mr. Sloane, the modern history master, expostulate. "Why, my dear chap, he's a gold medallist; he draws and paints exquisitely."
        Sloane was right. Ponty could draw, but he didn't make other people draw. One day, when I was feeling tired and ratty, I said to him, with a confidence I somehow never experienced in speaking to Sloane:
        "Mr. Pontifex, sir. You have been saying that my work's all wrong for the last half hour. Will you have the kindness just to show me how to make it all right?"
        He was such a simple chap he never saw my "sarc," though half-a-dozen of the fellows were sniggering.
        "By all means, Raggles," he said quite cheerfully. "Here, give me that Bristol board. Now, just watch."
        First he cleared away my smudges with crumbs, then he took his pencil and refilled in the lines, telling me where my proportions were askew, and my perspective all out. Great Caesar! the work seemed to grow like magic as his thin white hands moved over the board. I looked on spell-bound, and in about ten minutes, there, in place of my wretched smudge, was a beautiful work of art.
        I blurted out: "Thank you, sir, very much indeed," and he answered: "That's all right; I'm only too pleased," with the first laugh that we had heard from him. After that, somehow, I felt quite different to him, and I pointed out to Crawley Minor that, after all, he was at Kitts to teach free-hand, not fashions; and there was no doubt that, if he wasn't exactly a champion teacher, he was a master as far as drawing and painting went.
        But most of the fellows would have it that it was beastly cheek for a fellow like Ponty to come to a place like Kitts at all, and that the sooner that was impressed on him the better, and they lost neither time nor opportunity in signifying the same.
        Every now and then Ponty found on his easel some crude caricature or other, with underneath it scribbled: "Antediluvian headgear. In the possession of S. Pontifex, Esq." "Early English Scarecrow Costume, lent by S.P.," and I watched him bite his lip thundering hard.
        A day or two later, however, I myself ran out a sketch of Ponty and his brolly, he all skeleton outlines and gawky angles, and the brolly all bulk and bagginess, and I scribbled under it "Shadow and Substance." The fellows all yelled and clapped when I showed it, and then I felt a bit cocky about it, and I stuck it with a drawing-pin to Ponty's easel.
        Presently he came in and looked round, wondering what all the tittering was about. Then his eye fell on my skit, and he stood looking at it very quietly and steadily; then, as he turned to speak, there was a hush, and I felt very peculiar.
        "I don't know who did this," he said, "but one thing is certain—it's very clever—it shows the real gift of caricature. Yes, it's clever—perhaps not exactly kind, but distinctly clever, and if the boy who did it cares to apply himself to caricature I shall be most happy to give him any hints or assistance."
        Do you know, somehow I never felt so cheap in all my life, never seemed to myself such an utter bounder.
        I didn't own up then and there. I fancied the fellows would most likely guy the whole affair, but I felt I couldn't rest till I'd told Ponty that the sketch was mine, and that, clever as he might think it as a bit of work, I was a bit sick of it as a piece of meanness.
        It happened to be a "detention half," so after dinner I searched high and low for Ponty, but footer field, five court, gym—I drew them all blank. At last, crossing the Quad, Darnell Major told me he'd seen him going into the chapel, which I approached and entered. Someone was playing the organ. I walked very quietly, and saw that it was Ponty, making the most beautiful music I had ever heard.
        I wanted to speak to him, but not to hush the music, so I sat and waited. At last the strains ceased, and I was just rising to make my way up to the gallery, when I felt a tap on the shoulder and heard a whisper—"Come along, Raggles, there's a beano on."
        Voice and words jarred horribly, and I wished Ballantyne further for upsetting my little scheme for owning up and apologising for my wretched caricature.
        Following him out of chapel, I growled: "What's the little game?"
        "Biggest lark you ever heard," he grinned. "Hurry up, or we shall lose it," and he set off at a sprint across the playing field to the corner called the "cock-pit" from time immemorial, the recognised scrapping-pitch of Kitt's College, in generations past, present and to come.
        Just in the corner was a gate leading to what was known as Masters' Orchard, a strip of trim turf especially reserved for the Head and his staff, and lined with three rows of apple, pear, and plum trees. And it was a tradition with fellows at Kitts, that not an orchard in all the world bore such scrumptious apples, such melting pears, and such enormous Orleans and egg-plums. Possibly this was because Masters' Orchard was prohibited to all the fellows except the senior prefects, a restriction which was looked upon at the college as a burning injustice, so that it was made a point of honour amongst us never to miss an opportunity of gaining an entrance to and looting Masters' Orchard.
        Judge, therefore, of my delight at finding that someone had left the key in the padlock securing the big spiked gate; all my resentment against Ballantyne vanished like smoke, and I acknowledged cheerfully that he was a brick to have remembered me in the moment of his gorgeous find.
        "Shall I go and tell Darnell?" I whispered. "He'd like to be here."
        "Shut your head!" Ballantyne answered. "He is there," and an apple fired from a tree some ten yards off caught me in the neck, affording what the newspapers call corroborative evidence.
        We set to work sampling the trees, and by common consent decided that the William pear tree was the pick of the basket, and the three of us perched up in a fork of it and sat munching at our leisure.
        All at once Ballantyne exclaimed: "Hush, someone's coming! Great Caesar, we're copped!" and, surely enough, we heard voices at the gate. They came nearer and nearer. To our horror, the intruders seated themselves on a bench that incircled the trunk of the tree we had perched in.
        "My sainted aunt!" whispered Ballantyne. "One of 'em's a girl. Look at her hat; and the other, why, as I live, it's Ponty!"
        "There's a deep 'un for you," whispered Darnell. "Let's shy three big 'uns at him."
        But, I don't know why, I said, "Rats! Don't do anything of the kind!" and I spoke so sharply that Darnell looked surprised.
        Peeping through the branches, we saw the girl take from Ponty one of those mysterious brown paper parcels he used to carry out with him, the contents of which used to mystify us, and we heard him say:
        "More mending, Sis! What a tiresome brother I am."
        "Tiresome," the girl laughed; such a musical little laugh, too, that we guessed she was pretty, though her hat and the branches hid her. "As if there was ever a dearer, braver brother! Only Stevie, dear, it seems such a shame that you should have to wear mended clothes instead of new ones!"
        "Old clothes are much more comfy," he laughed, but the girl sighed. "If only I could earn a trifle we shouldn't be such a drag on you, but I'm such a helpless burden," she said.
        "Helpless! A burden!" Ponty flashed out. "Why, Kitty dear, I'd like to hear anybody else say that, or, rather, I wouldn't like to. Why, but for you, mother would have to have a nurse day and night, and what would I do then? Dear little sister, without you the burden would indeed be hard for mother and me to bear!"
        Darnell, Ballantyne, and I looked at each other in dismay, knowing we ought not to be hearing what was almost sacred, yet not knowing what on earth to do. The girl went on:
        "But it worries mother, too, Stevie, to think of your giving us so much of your salary instead of making the appearance you ought in your position, and in such a smart school. Don't people notice it, dear?"
        "Can't help it if they do," he said. "My duty to my loved ones is more than other people's criticism."
        "Then they do criticise, Stevie dear?" the girl asked, and we could hear in her voice the tears we knew were in her eyes.
        "Only good-naturedly," he laughed. "For instance, one young scamp made a sketch of me and my awful brolly. Called it 'Shadow and Substance'; but there was no malice in it, only boyish fun. I quite like the little chap who did it."
        Scott! if ever I felt a howling cad it was listening to that! Talk about coals of fire--
        "Yes, yes, I know," said the girl. "I know, and mother knows, that you have a lot of that sort of thing to undergo, and it breaks our hearts."
        "But it mustn't," he said, "you must be brave. The tide's certain to turn. I shall some day be selling pictures to dealers, drawings to magazines. The one thing needful, Kitty, is that we must be stout hearted, not broken-hearted. I'm one of the happiest chaps alive, because I have my work for the present and my hopes for the future."
        "Because you're the dearest, most generous fellow in the wide world, Stevie," she said. And away they walked together, and we could hear him laughing to cheer her as they went on.
        For quite a long time after the sound of the closing gate had died away, Darnell, Ballantyne, and I never said a word. I couldn't have uttered one for the curious swelling in my throat. We shinned down the tree, and all of a sudden Ballantyne turned round and shouted at us quite savagely:
        "Here, just punch my head, you fellows! Kick me—both of you! Hard!"
        "Rats!" said Darnell. "We were as bad as you. But, I say, we have been cads, all of us, haven't we? And isn't Ponty splendid?"
        "What on earth are we to do?" I stammered helplessly.
        "Do!" shouted Ballantyne. "Why, we've got to undo all we've done! We've got to build up Ponty's influence; we've got to be a rampart, a bulwark for him! Here, let's get out of this, back to Common Room, and lay our plans!"
        As we scooted back across Big Field, and across the Quad, who should we meet but Ponty and his sister, saying good-bye. Ballantyne was just in time to open the gate for her, which he did, cap in hand, as if she'd been a queen.
        "Thanks, Ballantyne," said Ponty, as we passed him, "that was my sister," and Ballantyne, who was never off his perch or at a loss for an answer, chirped out: "Congratulate you, sir!" which seemed to please Ponty no end from the way he smiled.
        We entered the Common Room and perched on a table. Up came Wollaston-Brice, sniggering: "I saw Ponty slink across Quad with another parcel under his arm just now. Wonder if it's scraps or washing?"
        You should have seen Ballantyne freeze him with a look. "Do you mean Mr. Pontifex?" he said. "Oh, you do! Then allow me to tell you that you must be a blinking low bounder to wonder anything of the kind."
        "My aunt!" said Wollaston-Brice, turning to Darnell. "What's it mean?" and Darnell sort of bit off his words, as he answered:
        "It seems to me to mean that your dragging up hasn't taught you how to speak with respect of people who are entitled to it."
        "What's the name of this game?" said Wollaston-Brice, turning to me.
        "I don't know," said I. "But it strikes me, if you don't play it carefully, it's a game you'll get a thick ear at!"
        That won it. There was not another word said about Ponty or his parcel. Next day I reminded him of his promise to put me up to a few wrinkles on black and white, especially caricature.
        He kept his word, and my! wasn't he splendid? Seeing I was keen, he kind of came out of his shell, and in half-an-hour put me up to heaps of little dodges in line and wash drawing. I was awfully taken with some little sketches of his own, dainty bits of silver point, mezzotint, and sepia, and he would insist on giving me three or four of those I liked best.
        "Can't make it out," I heard Sloane growl, as he puffed at his pipe at the gym door. "Quite a change seems to have come over our barbarians with regard to Pontifex. Ballantyne and Darnell are quite chummy with him, and they carry a lot of weight with the other fellows. Why, even that impudent little animal, Raggles, answers him quite respectfully nowadays."
        "Did I hear you call me, sir?" said I, looking down from my perch on the horizontal bar.
        "Yes, I called you a little animal," he grunted; so I answered, quick as lightning: "Like your thundering cheek!"—but I didn't let him hear me!
        The Head noticed that Ponty seemed to get on better with his classes, and congratulated him on the progress of the work and the improvement in the discipline of the room, which he had noted recently when dropping in.
        It was marvellous the other changes these changes brought about. Ponty seemed twice as cheerful and not half so awkward or shabby, and at the end of the term I heard through Sloane himself that the Head had told him that, instead of recommending Mr. Pontifex to find another post, he had decided to raise his screw.
        "Now, you little rat," growled Sloane, "I've let you into a secret. Fair's fair. Tell me the reason of the alteration in you chaps towards Mr. Pontifex. Come on, honest Injun!"
        And I told him—honest Injun. He didn't interrupt me with a word, only towards the end of my explanation he bit a lump clean off the mouthpiece of his briar, and growled something about grit.
        But that isn't the last of it. When I went home at Christmas I showed my governor the drawings Ponty had given me. You should have seen him sit up.
        "What!" he shouted, "mean to say a man who can do work like that wastes his time trying to knock sense into a pack of cubs like you, Johnnie?"
        I said: "I think, sir, there's an invalid mother and a sister."
        "Oho!" said the governor.
        That was all he said. I saw he was thinking.
        Now, my pater's right in it with the art world and publishers, and so on, and sure enough, a week or so after I got back, Ponty clapped me on the shoulder one morning and said:
        "Raggles, splendid old chap! Nice thing you've done for me, you and your brick of a governor. Here's a commission from one of the best and biggest art publishers in England to illustrate a new book of smart verses—see, here's their letter, 'in the style of the work from your pen and brush shown us by that excellent connoisseur, Mr. Robert Raggles.'"
        It was just like my dad.

The Friend of Human Kind

by Juvenis.

Originally published in The Literary Chronicle and Weekly Review (J. Limbird) vol.1 #27 (20 Nov 1819).


        Benevolus is now in the decline of life, and, although he cannot be said to be completely free from the imperfections which are humanity's inseparable attendants, he is considered, by the extensive circle of his acquaintance, on account of his upright life, the benignity of his disposition and his urbane manners, as possessing, in an eminent degree, every quality that can exalt and dignify human nature. Qualities the most opposite, in him are happily blended; with the polish of the accomplished courtier, he unites the simplicity of the artless plebean; his justice, though rigid, is unattended with stoic calossity; piety finds in him a votary devoid of bigotry and forbidding moroseness. This is a correct outline of Benevolus's character, to fill up which, cannot be done to the desired extent; a few traits, however, will be given, which will, no doubt, convey to the reader a favourable opinion of our hero. Benevolus, called early in life from his native place to the West Indies, found himself in a country differing as much from his own in its manners and customs as in its climate and productions. He could not, for a considerable time, prevail on himself to remain in those regions where Afric's unoffending sons toil without remuneration, sigh unregarded, and die under the tortures of the pondrous scourge. Ardently desiring to ameliorate the condition of the sable race, he combated and eventually overcame his dislike to the West Indies. With the view of effecting this humane purpose, he determined to treat the slaves placed under his care with all the kindness and forbearance their unfortunate condition was susceptible of; but, at the same time, to maintain the strictest discipline among them. His orders and commands were few and easy to be performed, but were rendered fully efficient by the rigid and impartial manner in which they were enforced. He required nothing that militated against reason or humanity, and it was the interest as well as the duty of every individual to comply with his requisitions. By pursuing this mild and conciliating course, he effected infinitely more than the planters[1] who ruled their domestics with the rod of iron. This conduct was both pleasing and profitable to his employer, then in England, who did not fail to use his influence in behalf of his faithful agent. Benevolus, by his own industry and the assistance of his friend, soon became opulent. Order and regularity presided over his estate; his servants obeyed his commands more out of respect for their master than from the dread of punishment. He bore to them rather the relation of a kind father than that of an unrelenting master, a character by no means rare among the West India planters. During his stay in the West Indies, it was his happiness and highest ambition to make his dependants happy, and to induce his neighbours, by his precepts as well as his example, to ameliorate the condition of the unfortunate Africans, and he had the satisfaction to find that his endeavours were not altogether abortive. His example was followed by the most prudent and considerate planters, who have experienced that the system of which he is the founder, is fraught with incalculable advantages. Having returned to his native country, he continues to evince all that humanity, for which he was so remarkable beyond the Atlantic. His daily employment is to visit prisons, to smooth the pillow of the afflicted, to relieve the necessitous, and to be 'loco parentis' to the fatherless and the orphan. Benevolus, notwithstanding his admiration of 'the bard of Avon' and four other dramatic writers, derives much more pleasure from being instrumental in mitigating human woe, where it really exists, than in seeing it represented, however perfect that representation may be. He prefers the smiles of an approving conscience, with which he is favoured when engaged in lessening the sum of human misery, to all the boisterous laughter elicited by the comic muse. Ye sons of affluence, if you have hitherto been regardless of all but yourselves, let Benevolus's conduct stimulate you to exertion in behalf of your suffering fellow-creatures, and be persuaded that the inconveniences which necessarily attend the prosecution of this most laudable object will be more than compensated by the pleasing consciousness of having done your duty.



        1. The farmers of the country,

Earthquakes

Originally published in Saint Pauls (Virtue & Co.) vol.3 #16 (Jan 1869).


Within the last few years a change has passed over the views entertained by men of science respecting those vibrations of the earth's crust which,—insignificant as they. must be considered in relation to the dimensions of our globe,—constitute yet the most stupendous and alarming phenomena known to the human race. The skill with which physical causes have been analysed, and the critical acumen with which historical records have been discussed, have sufficed to dispel much of that mystery and misconception with which the subject of earthquakes had for a long time been surrounded. We now know not only what really takes place when a portion of the earth's crust is affected by an earthquake, but also what are the purposes subserved in the earth's economy by a phenomenon which seems, at first sight, simply destructive. We proceed to discuss briefly some of the more prominent results of modern researches into the history, character, and work of the earth's subterranean forces.
        In reasoning respecting the action of the earth's internal forces in long-past periods, geologists formerly fell into the mistake of denying to nature the fulness of time which she requires to work out her ends. As Sir Charles Lyell remarks, they "represented nature as having been prodigal of violence and parsimonious of time." They busied themselves in inquiring what might be the nature of forces which could produce, by a single effort, those various formations which are the study of the geologist. They naturally came to the conclusion that the subterranean action in remote ages surpassed enormously the corresponding effects of internal heat in our own times. The instantaneous upheaval of mountain-chains such as the Andes and the Himalayas could only be effected by the action of paroxysmal explosions, in comparison with which the most violent throes of modern earthquakes sink into absolute insignificance. And even without leaving our own country, we can find traces of subterranean action which,—if we could suppose it to have operated instantaneously, or for but a brief period,—must have incomparably exceeded even such eruptive explosions as those which caused the great earthquakes of Riobamba, Lisbon, and Calabria. "We have 'faults' in England," says Sir Charles Lyell, "in which the vertical displacement is between 600 and 3,000 feet, and the horizontal extent thirty miles or more, the width of the fissures, since filled up with rubbish, varying from 10 to 50 feet." The upthrow or downthrow of such enormous masses of rock,—if produced instantaneously,—"would imply tremendous catastrophes," he remarks, "wholly foreign to the ordinary course of nature."
        It is important that the bearing of the error into which geologists had been led by a want of care in the examination of the phenomena presented to their notice should be thoroughly understood. So long as it was held that the old manifestations of the powers of nature exceeded those presented in our own day, or within historical times, in the enormous proportion inferred by ancient geologists, we were prevented from applying to the examination of the earth's strata any of the experience which we derive from observing the effects of recent processes of change. The geologist could hardly form more exact notions of the former state of our earth than the astronomer can form of the condition of her companion planets. It was in vain that the effects of long-past processes were brought under the very hammer of the geologist when he was free to ascribe these effects to causes wholly dissimilar from those now in operation.
        Therefore, the first and most important step towards our present acquaintance with the laws regulating the action of the earth's subterranean forces, was the discovery that in ancient geologic eras precisely the same forms of disturbance were in action as are going on at the present day. It will hardly be believed that the old views respecting geologic evidence,—the seemingly irrational theories of catastrophes and cataclysms indulged in by the rival factions of the Vulcanists and the Neptunists,—held their ground up to quite recent times. In fact, few circumstances seem more promising to those who take interest in the progress of geology than the fact that the science has made these enormous strides during the last sixty years, after so many centuries of inaction or of misdirected efforts. "The cultivation of geology," says one of the most eminent modern geologists, "began at a later period than that of astronomy; and in every step which it has hitherto made towards sound theoretical principles it has had to contend against many violent prepossessions. But when we compare the result of observations in the last half century with those of the three preceding centuries, we cannot but look forward with the most sanguine expectations to the degree of excellence to which geology may be carried even by the labours of the present generation."
        The careful examination of the effects of ancient subterranean action having at length forced geologists to the conclusion that the condition of the globe in long-past eras corresponded much more closely to its present state than they had been disposed to imagine, it was seen, for the first time, that in the various phenomena presented by the earth's crust, we have exhibited to us, as in a vast museum, specimens of the effects we may attribute to modern subterranean action. Hence the modern seismologist, instead of confining his attention to the effects of earthquake shocks occurring jn our own day, is able to analyse all the different stages of disturbance by examining the effects of processes which have been in action for thousands upon thousands of years. The aid thus afforded him it is almost impossible to over-estimate. In fact, without this aid our views respecting the action of the earth's subterranean forces must necessarily have been altogether imperfect; since, in any single age, these forces produce no effects sufficiently imposing to afford a distinct conception of the extent and importance of the subterranean action. "We must consider geognostic phenomena," says Humboldt, "in their true correlation, and observe them in their transition from a merely dynamic concussion, and from the upheaving of continents and mountain masses, to the production and effusion of gases and liquids, of boiling mud, and of red-hot and molten earths, which harden into crystalline rocks." It is only by duly comparing the geologic records of past action with what takes place in our own day, that seismologists have been enabled to arrange side by side groups of phenomena which, at first sight, seem so utterly heterogeneous,—to form, as Humboldt expresses it, "a grand picture of nature, in which all these phenomena become fused into the single conception of the reaction of the interior of a planet upon its crust and surface." "To the inquiring spirit," he adds, "it is given to mount from link to link in the chain of phenomena, till the point is gained at which, in the ancient consolidation of our planet, in the first transition of the conglobated matter from the vaporous form, the internal heat of the earth,—that heat which is not due to the sun's action,—was originally developed."
        Equally important towards the formation of the modern theory of earthquakes has been the intelligent examination of their dynamical effects. The labours of Mallet and Hopkins were the first by which light was thrown on the obscure and seemingly complex relations presented by earthquake phenomena.
        In examining the effects of an earthquake shock, we must remember that usually three constituents of the earth's globe are affected,—viz., first, the solid mass lying above the seat of the shock; secondly, the ocean lying above this solid mass; and thirdly, the superincumbent atmosphere. Let us consider these three constituents separately.
        In the first place, then, a shock is communicated to a portion more or less extensive of the earth's solid crust. In considering its effects we must dismiss from our minds the ordinary conception of the earth's rigidity. The earth is only rigid—in appearance even—when considered in comparatively small masses. Large portions of the earth's crust are "elastic," and partake of that property which belongs to all elastic bodies—the power of transmitting waves of disturbance. Such waves, when originated by an earthquake shock, travel vertically as well as horizontally, but much farther horizontally than vertically. We can tell little of the rate of propagation of the vertical wave, because the distance it has to travel before reaching the surface is so short. Respecting the velocity of the horizontal wave, we are better able to judge. It has been estimated that on an average the land-wave transmitted horizontally travels at the rate of about 2,000 feet per second, or nearly twenty-three miles per minute. If we could watch this wave, we should see it rushing on with this enormous velocity, and presenting precisely the appearance of low, broad waves at sea. Any part of the wave, considered separately, may be looked upon as travelling forward in a straight line. But the complete wavefront forms a circle, ellipse, or else some irregular oval figure, constantly expanding, around the centre of concussion. The ordinary conceptions about vorticose motions, despite the evidence which Humboldt collected in their favour, must be abandoned as untenable. Every well-authenticated fact in the history of earthquakes may be referred to the action either of the vertical wave or of the horizontal one. Strictly speaking, even these two waves must be looked upon as belonging to a single globular wave of compression, of which the centre lies at the origin of the concussion.
        In connection with the wave-like motion of the earth's solid crust we must remark that there is also a wave of sound which travels four or five times as fast. It is to the passage of this wave that we must attribute the rumbling sounds commonly observed to precede the shocks of earthquakes.
        The second effect which has to be considered, is the transmission of a great sea-wave when the centre of concussion lies beneath the bed of the ocean. This wave will, of course, be transmitted according to the usual laws which regulate the movement of oceanic waves—in other words, its rate of motion will depend on the depth of the seas over which it passes. It will, therefore, travel independently of the solid wave, and may arrive at the shores of the various countries which experience the real earthquake shock at times which show no correspondence with the latter occurrence. We see at once, then, that this oceanic wave must be looked upon as a phenomenon wholly distinct from that recognised in many earthquakes in which the land-shock is accompanied by a recession of the sea, followed almost instantaneously by the inrush of a mountain-wave. The explanation of this phenomenon is one of the most interesting points of Mr. Mallet's inquiry.
        When the land-wave travels underneath the ocean, it carries on its back, to use Mr. Mallet's expressive verbiage, a great oceanic wave. Now a little consideration will show that the effect of this will be to cause a recession of the ocean just before—so nearly preceding as to appear coincident with it—the arrival of the land-wave upon any line of coast. For the mass of water upheaved above the solid wave must be drawn from the water in front of and behind that wave. The effect of this will clearly be, that just before the land-wave reaches a coast-line, the water which would have lain between the wave-front and the coast-line will all be drawn up—or "propelled" up, it matters not which view we take of the mode of its motion—to the top of the land-wave. Thus, for a moment, the shore will be left dry, but as the land-wave, with its superincumbent load of water, travels onwards, there will be seen the appearance of a mountain-wave of water pouring in upon the shore. We shall presently have to mention several remarkable instances of this phenomenon.
        The third wave is produced by the agitation of the atmosphere. Its effects are merely exhibited—where the wave consists of adequately swift vibrations—in the form of "sound," which "must be low in note, and must reach the ear considerably after the shock has been experienced,"
        Let us now consider a few instances of the particular forms of disturbance we have mentioned above.
        The great catastrophe which occurred in Ecuador and Pern on February 4, 1797, supplied evidence on several of the most interesting questions connected with the phenomena of earthquakes. The perpendicular, or explosive motion, was exhibited with remarkable distinctness at Riobamba. The bodies of many of those who perished were flung so forcibly into the air that they were afterwards found upon the summit of the hill La Culla, which rises to the height of several hundred feet on the farther side of the small river Lican. Humboldt saw among the skeletons of men on this height large quantities of rubbish from the stone buildings of Riobamba. Another circumstance which points to the action of a very energetic explosive force was the fact. that in several instances articles belonging to one house were found beneath the ruins of others at a considerable distance. We can only account for this remarkable circumstance by supposing that the latter buildings were flung high into the air, and that in the interval which elapsed before they reached the ground, the ruins of other houses were brought beneath them by a rapid horizontal movement.
The same great earthquake afforded very remarkable evidence of the nature of the great horizontal land-wave which travels outwards in all directions from the centre of concussion. It will be understood that this centre must have lain almost directly under the town of Riobamba, so that all other places affected by the earthquake must have suffered through the action of the horizontal or surface-wave. We can form some notion of the intensity of this wave of disturbance from the fact that every town and village within a region 120 miles long and 60 broad was levelled to the ground. Many places were actually buried beneath enormous masses flung down from the surrounding mountains. It is related that the form of the surface throughout this region was entirely altered. So remarkable were some of the effects as to suggest to an experienced observer like Humboldt the notion of vorticose or rotatory concussions,—a notion not justified, as we have seen, by the results of a more caroful consideration of all the phenomena presented during the progress of earthquakes. The appearances which deceived Humboldt may be accounted for very readily when we remember that variations in the thickness of the earth's crust would suffice to render the linear advance of any part of the surface-wave more or less irregular. Those appearances are very well worth noticing, however, as affording evidence of the singularly complicated effects which may be looked for from the simple progression of a great surface-wave along an irregular portion of the earth's crust. Walls were twisted round without being cast down; rows of trees which had been parallel, were found to have become deflected in a very singular manner; and, lastly, the ridges of cultivated fields were found to have assumed a new direction through the effects of the earthquake. About twenty minutes after the overthrow of Riobamba, a fearful grinding noise was heard under the cities of Quito and Ibarra, which lie upwards of a hundred miles from the centre of disturbance.
        We have seen how this remarkable earthquake illustrates the effect of the vertical and horizontal land-waves. But as the centre of concussion did not, in this instance, lie beneath the ocean, the great sea-wave considered by Mallet receives no illustration from the earthquake of Riobamba. We now proceed to consider some of the more remarkable earthquakes which have been accompanied by oceanic disturbances.
        We must premise that the great earthquake which has recently taken place in Ecuador and Peru would appear to have been followed by a remarkable oscillation of the sea. The waves of disturbance travelled even as far north as California; and the inhabitants of Callao were alarmed for the safety of their city by the continual inrush of gigantic waves. Yet, it must be remarked, that the seat of disturbance was not, in all probability, beneath the ocean in this instance. It is far more probable that the ocean-waves, large as they were, had their origin in the horizontal land-wave. As soon as this wave reached the shore, it must necessarily have communicated a portion of its motion to the ocean; and it serves to afford some conception of the vastness of the land-wave to notice that it had sufficient power to communicate a disturbance of such magnitude to the waters of the Pacific Ocean.
        It is possible that the same explanation may even be extended to the remarkable instance of oceanic disturbance observed when Callao was destroyed in 1747. Of twenty-three ships and vessels which were in the harbour of Callao, nineteen were sunk; and the other four were carried by the waves to a great distance inland, and left on dry ground at a considerable height above the sea. The same great wave which carried these ships so far from their element, destroyed every vestige of the town save a small fragment of the fort of Vera Cruz. Of 4,000 inhabitants, only 200 escaped. Indeed, one account of the catastrophe ascribes a yet more terrible destructiveness to the great wave. According to this account, "all the inhabitants of Callao were destroyed except one. The man who escaped, standing on a fort which overlooked the harbour, saw the sea retire to a great distance, and then return like a vast mountain. He heard a cry of 'Miserere!' rise from all parts of the city, and then in a moment all was silent,—where the town had once flourished, there was a wide sea. But the same wave which overwhelmed the town drove past him a small boat, in which he flung himself and thus escaped."
        Our reason for assuming that, in this instance, the centre of concussion was under the dry land, and not under the ocean, is the circumstance that the whole of Peru was shaken by the disturbance in a manner which seemed to indicate the close proximity of the centre of concussion. It is also related that a volcano burst forth in Lucanas, which poured forth such enormous quantities of water that the whole country was overflowed; and in the mountain near Pataz, called Conversiones de Casamarquilla, three other volcanoes broke out, and poured enormous torrents of water from their cones.
        In fact, it would seem as if Peru were specially liable to the occurrence of that particular form of disturbance of which we have had an instance in the recent earthquake. It is related by Ulloa that in 1687 a great convulsion took place, during which the sea first retired and then returned in a mountainous wave which destroyed Callao and its inhabitants. Wafer relates that the same wave drowned men and beasts for fifty leagues along the shore, and carried ships a league into the country. Ulloa, Wafer, d'Acosta, and other historians, describe other earthquakes which produced similar inundations along one part or another of the coast of Ecuador and Peru.
        But in all these instances the seat of disturbance lay in all probability beneath some part of the great range of the Andes. In order to obtain an example of sub-oceanic disturbance, we must consider the case of earthquakes whose chief effeets on land have taken place far from the neighbourhood of volcanoes or volcanic ranges.
        The great earthquake which overthrew Lisbon in 1755 affords a remarkable instance of the class of disturbance we are considering.
        The first shock of this great earthquake was the shock of the great land-wave. We shall presently see that this wave had run in from a point considerably to the west of Lisbon. By this shock the city was shaken to its foundations. The houses were swung to and fro with such violence that the upper stories were flung bodily to the ground, crushing thousands of the wretched inhabitants to death beneath the ruins of their own dwellings. Those who had escaped rushed to the great square in front of St. Paul's Church, hoping to find in this open space a refuge from the falling ruins of the city. But when they drew near, they were still more terrified by the awful scene of desolation which presented itself than they had been by the ruin of their homes. It was the festival of All Saints, and St, Paul's, like all the other churches, had been crowded with worshippers. But the great church had been flung bodily to the ground, and the immense multitude which had filled it had perished beneath its ruins. And now those who had escaped from the different churches were to be seen flying in crowds to the banks of the Tagus for safety. Others sought the heights of St. Catherine's Hill, but these were quickly destroyed; for a second land-wave followed soon after the first, and the church, which crowned the hill, was rocked violently to and fro until it fell, crushing beneath its ruins the great multitude which had been crowded around it.
        But now the great sea-wave was to work the destruction of thousands who had escaped from the falling ruins of the streets and churches of Lisbon. The banks of the Tagus were crowded with terrified wretches, whose "misereres" sounded like the dirge of the ruined city. Of a sudden, as they prayed, a strange heaving swell was seen to traverse the broad expanse of the river. The waters seemed as though they were being sucked away to meet an enormous wave which was sweeping in with inconceivable rapidity from the sea. Another moment and the whole multitude was engulfed. It is related,—with what amount of truth is not certainly known,—that of the vessels anchored in the river, of an enormous quay recently built at great expense, and of the multitudes which crowded quay and shores and vessels, not a single trace was ever afterwards discovered.
        But the end was not yet. A third land-wave rushed in upon the town, the shock it produced being scarcely less violent than the two preceding ones—and immediately after, the river was again traversed by an enormous wave. Then followed other shocks and other inrushes of the sea, producing effects so disastrous that "it was generally believed," said an eye-witness, "that the city of Lisbon was doomed to be entirely swept from the face of the earth."
        And now that the earthquake was over a new calamity, scarcely less terrible, befel the unfortunate inhabitants of Lisbon. The city was found to be on fire in a hundred places at once, the flames bursting forth with such fury that the whole city presented the appearance of a gigantic conflagration. It is asserted that subterranean fires, issuing from fissures in the earth, were partly the cause of this calamity. But on this point the evidence we have is not very clear. It is certain that flames and smoke issued from many non-volcanic mountains in Portugal during the earthquake; but there are no authentic records of flames having issued from fissures in plains or within the precincts of the city of Lisbon. It is for more probable that the conflagration was caused in another way. Tho day, as we have already mentioned, was one of the great festivals of the Catholic Church. The cathedrals, chapels, and churches were all illuminated with wax tapers and lamps, and as the curtains, waxen work, and timbers were overthrown with the burning lights, each sacred edifice became the centre of an extensive conflagration. In many of the private houses also, the kitchen and other fires had been flung over the woodwork of the floors. Thus on every side there was fire, while few were left to contend with the ravages of the destructive element. Six days elapsed before an end was finally put to the conflagration.
        We have been led by the contemplation of this great catastrophe,—one of the most sudden and fearful ever experienced by the human race,—to considerations somewhat removed from the subject we are dealing with. We must hasten to consider the evidence which the great earthquake affords us respecting the action of the earth's internal forces.
        The area of disturbance was remarkably wide. The shock was felt distinctly in the Alps, on the coast of Sweden, in Northern Germany, Thuringia, and in small inland lakes near the shores of the Baltic. In the Antigua Islands, Barbadoes, and Martinique, even in the great Canadian lakes, the motion was also sensibly felt. In Algeria and Morocco the agitation of the earth was scarcely less violent than in Portugal. Humboldt estimated that an area of the earth's surface four times greater than that of Europe was disturbed by this remarkable earthquake.
        Rivers and lakes in Great Britain were singularly agitated. The water of Lech Lomond, without any apparent cause, was flung violently against its banks and then sank below its usual level. On a comparison of the epochs at which the first shock was felt at Lisbon and the occurrence of shocks elsewhere, it was estimated by Michell that the movement of the ground travelled at the rate of twenty miles per minute. Bat it is necessary to note the possibility that this estimate may be exaggerated. In forming it, Michell looked upon Lisbon as the centre of disturbance,—in reality, the centre of disturbance lay far away from Lisbon, under the bed of the Atlantic.
        Of the extent of the oceanic disturbance directly caused by the passage of the land-wave we have already had striking evidence. We must note some other very remarkable circumstances. It is related that the great wave which traversed the shores of the Peninsula rose at Cadiz to the height of no less than sixty feet. At Tanjiers it rose and fell eighteen several times. "At Funchal in Madeira," writes Lyell, "it rose full fifteen feet perpendicularly above high-water mark, although the tide,—which ebbs and flows there seven feet,—was then at half ebb. Besides entering the city and committing great havoc, it overflowed other seaports in the island. At Kinsale, in Ireland, a body of water rushed into the harbour, whirled round several vessels, and poured into the market-place."
        The shock was felt in a peculiarly striking manner on the open sea. The captain of the ship "Nancy" records that off St. Lucar his vessel was shaken so violently that all on board thought she had struck upon a hidden reef. He ordered a seaman to heave the lead, but found they were in deep water. Captain Clarke also relates that his ship was shaken and strained as if she had struck upon a rock, "insomuch that the seams of the deck opened and the compass was overturned in the binnacle." Another ship, 120 miles west of St. Vincent, was struck so violently that the men "were pitched a foot and a half perpendicularly from the deck."
        It was noticed that not only at Lisbon but at the island of Madeira, and in several other places, the sea retreated from the shore before coming in as a great wave. It is at once seen that these facts are in perfect accordance with Mallet's theory; or may we not rather say, that no other theory is capable of adequately explaining them? As Sir Charles Lyell remarks, if the retreat of the sea had been caused by the simple upheaval of the coast of Portugal, "the motion of the waters when propagated to Madeira would have produced a wave previous to the retreat. Nor could the motion of the waters at Madeira have been caused by a different local earthquake; for the shock travelled from Lisbon to Madeira in two hours, which agrees with the time which it required to reach other places equally distant."
        We have said that the earth's crust is in general sufficiently elastic to transmit waves,—which, indeed, run along the surface almost as regularly as the waves of a disturbed ocean. But there are certain conditions which are opposed to the free transmission of the horizontal land-wave. Amongst these we may include sudden variations or irregularities in the thickness of the earth's crust, and also a want of homogeneity in the arrangement of the strata which compose it. Under these circumstances the wave cannot pass without fracturing the earth's crust. There are many instances of this occurring. In the great earthquake of Calabria in 1783, for example, the whole face of the earth was broken up by the waves of disturbance which repeatedly swept across it. The same sort of thing was witnessed in a yet more striking manner in the earthquake of Jamaica in 1692. We are told that "the ground swelled and heaved like a rolling sea, and was traversed by numerous cracks, two or three hundred of which were often seen at a time, opening and then closing rapidly again. Many people were swallowed up in these rents; some the earth caught by the middle and squeezed to death; the heads only of others appeared above the ground; and some wore first engulfed and then cast up again with great quantities of water."
        Nor must we omit to notice that the work of earthquakes does not terminate with the mere passage of a wave of disturbance across a large portion of the earth's surface. Even where no external difference appears in the face of a country after the occurrence of an earthquake we are yet justified in assuming that internal work has been effected. We have evidence that important changes may take place beneath the earth's crust without in any way affecting the external aspect of things. For example, it is related by Humboldt that since the earthquake of Cumana every shock of the southern coast is felt in the mica-slate strata of the peninsula of Maniguarez, which lies opposite the limestone or chalk hills of the fortress. He adds, that "in the almost incessant undulations of the ground of the valleys of the Mississippi, Arkansas, and Ohio, which occurred from 1811 to 1813, the progress of the motion from south to north was very striking. It was as if subterranean impediments had been gradually overcome, and the wave of commotion then advanced upon each occasion along the way which had been opened up." It appears, therefore, that the circles of concussion enlarge in consequence of the effects of a single powerful shock.
        But besides these internal effects, very marked external effects have been known to follow the occurrence of an earthquake. In the earthquakes which took place in Chili in 1822, 1835, and 1837, the earth was permanently elevated. After the earthquake of 1835, Admiral Fitzroy found beds of shell-fish in a putrid state, but still adhering to the rocks, and raised ten feet above high-water mark. But, remarkable as this fact is, we may note as still more striking the evidence of Mr. Darwin's researches respecting the length of time during which the process of elevation has been in action. He found shells precisely similar to those discovered by Mr. Fitzroy, but at a far higher elevation, near Valparaiso. These shell-beds were a quarter of a mile above high-water mark.
        We see, then, that besides phenomena of motion wholly dynamical, the earthquake is competent to effect important changes in the relations presented by the earth's surface. In fact, we may recognise in the work thus accomplished by earthquakes one of the principal restorative powers of nature. To quote the words of Sir Charles Lyell, "the constant repair of the land, and the subserviency of our planet to the support of terrestrial as well as aquatic species, are secured by the elevating and depressing power of causes acting in the interior of the earth, which, although so often the source of death and terror to the inhabitants of the globe,—visiting in succession every zone, and filling the earth with monuments of ruin and disorder,—are, nevertheless, the agents of a conservative principle above all others essential to the stability of the system."

A Midnight Adventure on Mount Cenis

Originally published in Harper's New Monthly Magazine (Harper and Brothers) vol.19 #110 (Jul 1859).


Late one afternoon in January, a winter or two ago, I received a letter announcing to me the dangerous illness of a dear friend and relative. I was at Geneva and my friend at Turin. I must leave instantly if I hoped to see her alive. The quickest route was over Mount Cenis, for the new road had just been opened by which travelers could reach Turin by passing only two nights and a day on the journey, giving time for rest at Chambery. I was, however, most uncomfortably placed in regard to the journey. I had two young children, and my Swiss bonne had left me that day to pay a visit of two weeks to her relatives in the Bas Valais. I had thought it quite an undertaking to have the charge of the children during her absence; here was a greater one, surely. They could not be left behind me, and I had not time to engage another maid; indeed I had only just enough time to hurry down to the bureau of the Messagerie Fédérale to see what seats I could get.
        Of course I found the coupé engaged; for when one is in a disagreeable position the difficulties that spring up on all sides can be named Legion, they are so numerous. The polite clerk told me it was engaged only so far as Chambery, and gave me a hope of obtaining it there, as the weather was so cold that the coupé was not likely to have through passengers. There were only two seats disengaged in the whole diligence, and they were in the interieure. I could not help hesitating, it was so unpleasant for a woman to travel alone in such a disagreeable place. But what could I do? "Go, of course," said Courage, "and trust to the children for protection." The diligence was being arranged while I stood hesitating at the window of the bureau, talking about the seats with the courteous employé, who very good-naturedly sympathized with my distress; in fifteen minutes they would be off. My hesitation was put an end to by the arrival of the commissionaire I had employed to have my passport viséd for me at the Sardinian consul's. I lost no more time, paid for my seats, lifted my children into the interieure and followed them. It was soon crowded with men. All nations seemed to be there represented, and until midnight their conversation was very animated—a perfect Babel of tongues.
        I had, on entering, put my little girl in the corner, and I took my seat next to her, holding my little boy, who was the youngest, on my lap. My next neighbor was a German, and soon after taking his seat he showed a disposition to be friendly. At the Sardinian frontier he handed out my passport, officiously, as if I belonged to him; offered repeatedly to relieve me of my child, and evidently desired to make himself agreeable, but in such a manner as to cause all the hedgehog in my nature to put out its thorns. I am no longer in my first youth, nor can I be called pretty, but I found that I was more attractive to my German neighbor than was pleasant to me. He sat very close to me, saying once in a while,
        "Nahe zusammen sitzen macht gute Gesellschaft"—(Close sitting makes good company).
        Such a night as I passed! But the interieure being crowded was some little protection from the disagreeable attentions of my neighbor. I hugged my little boy close to my breast, while my little girl slept soundly on my shoulder, and turned a deaf ear to the remarks of the German. At last he slept, and attempted to rest his head on my other shoulder. I had anticipated from his manner some such proceeding, and had taken the precaution to put there some pins, points outward. He quickly raised his head, muttering angrily:
        "Vermaledeites Weib!"—(Confound the woman!)
        I was too alarmed to feel any disposition to laugh; and, moreover, my heart was full of apprehensions for my friend M—. She might at that moment be dead. Memories of our youth swept up before me. Hours of joy and hours of sorrow we had had together. Gay weddings that had ended in tears; solemn deathbeds over which we had mourned. So many darlings had passed away; and she, saving my two children, was now my last earthly possession.
        "Be merciful, O God!" I inwardly groaned, and rested my burning, dry, aching eyes on the soft curly head of my boy, who, with his sister, slept soundly that blessed child-sleep "that the thunder can not break." I looked at them, and envied their unconsciousness of danger, their freedom from apprehensions, their sweet faith and trust in the living, present providence of their mother, which is the "heaven that hangs around a child. M— and I had once been young and happy, and more cared for in the way of luxury than they, but not more loved, God knows! And now, what were we? Solitary wrecks on life's sandy shore. If God's Angel of Death had come then, and shielded us all three with his dark wing, very sweet would have been the sleep to me; but still I ejaculated, "Be merciful, O God!" and the prayer for M—'s life went on.
        Toward morning the diligence rumbled into Chambery. The first thing that struck my eyes when I looked from the window in the dim morning light, as the weary horses toiled up the slippery mountain-street, was a large fountain, ornamented with huge elephants, standing in the middle of the street. General de Boigne—and the charming account given of him in that pleasant book, "A Ride on Horseback to Florence"—flashed across my memory. This was his monument, I remembered, and we were in Rue de Boigne.
        The diligence stopped at the bureau. I roused the sleeping children, and pushed hastily aside my offensive German neighbor, who was profuse in leering smiles and disgusting attentions. Two or three of the men and himself talked of me as I handed out my children to the guard. I took occasion to address the children in English, although we always spoke French together; but the best protection to a woman on the European continent is our good, brave Anglo-Saxon tongue. A woman who speaks it as if born to it is supposed to know how to do, to be, and to suffer; and also not to suffer any impertinence.
        "Engländerin" (an Englishwoman), said one.
        "Nein," replied my impertinent neighbor; "nein, sie sprecht nicht wie eine Engländerin" (No; she doesn't speak like an English woman).
        Another suggested "Russian;" for cultivated Russians speak, as Berlioz funnily says, "all known and unknown tongues" with the greatest facility, and almost without accent. I followed my children; went into the bureau to secure the coupé, if possible, for the rest of the journey; and, to my dismay, found it engaged all the way through to Turin. The morning sun shot in a little bright ray through the window of the bureau, and seemed to give me fresh courage. One never feels timid in daylight. After inquiring the hour of starting, and finding I had seven or eight hours for rest, I hired a commissionaire to carry my sac de nuit and extra wrappings, and guide us to the Hôtel de l'Europe.
        A pleasant femme de chambre gave me a nice room, and brought us some breakfast. I undressed the children, bathed them, and put them to bed. They were soon sound asleep. I did the same for myself, and tried also to sleep, but in vain. My anxiety for M— tortured me; and the painful tension of my nerves during the night caused them to throb fiercely. I crept quietly out of bed and dressed myself. Thekla's full brown eyes opened on me as I stooped down by the bedside to get my walking boots.
        "Dear child," I said, as the little creature held up her arms to clasp around my neck, "maman is fevered, and needs air. Will Thekla take care of brother Ernst?"
        The self-sacrificing child assented with a bright smile, and whispered, "Oui, chère petite maman;" and I hurried out of the hotel into the streets. I wanted to see something of this town, in which Le Maistre was born, and ramble through the streets and up the mountain roads where he had roamed in his youth, and dreamed visions more than realized in his eventful life. Military renown, successful authorship, and a long married love were his; a soldier and a philosopher, studying all things and knowing nothing, as he said in the light, graceful epitaph he wrote for himself a few years before his death:

                "Ci-git, sous cette pierre grise,
                Xavier, qui de tout étonnait,
                Demandant d'où venait la bizc,
                Et pourquoi Jupiter tonnait
                Il étudia maint grimoire,
                Il lut du matin jusqu'au soir,
                Et but à la fin l'onde noire,
                Tout surpris de ne rien savoir."

        I went out of the Faubourg de Montmeillan, and followed the left bank of the Lysse for some distance. First I came to a village; then, seeing the ruins of a castle on the other side of the stream, I crossed it, and soon after entered a beautiful mountain gorge completely shut in. High steep rocks swept up, seeming like the pedestal of the dentated mountain in the distance. A paysanne guided me around a papermill to see a cascade which came tumbling down the cliffs, and spouted out in jets through fissures in the rock; and all around the rocks were hung with brilliant icicles that glittered and sparkled in the sunlight superbly.
        "C'est le Bout du Monde," said the peasant woman, naïvely. I gave the woman some sous and dismissed her. On looking at my watch I found it was only nine o'clock. The diligence would not leave until two. I had only been an hour and three quarters walking there, so I gave myself up to the luxury of dreaming in this beautifal spot for an hour or so. I returned to the gorge, and paced rapidly up and down the path covered with snow. The shadows of the fir-trees lay long on the ground, and the glittering snow flashed in the morning sunlight, as if cut into a million of facets, a perfect sheet of diamonds. The peaks of the dentated mountain lay white and icy against the palpitating blue sky. My fancy, being under the influence of sorrow, was morbid, and it drew many contrasts between the ice peaks and throbbing heavens and my own broken life. I thought of M—'s lot and my own. I could not be rebellious with that strong, fresh mountain air, washing like waves over my hot brow and cheeks. Nor could I, when I thought

                                        "—o'er loss of days no more to be
                Of actions dropp'd to dreams—and dreams to death,
                        And then—Eternity!"

feel what is called resignation. I have no such grace given me. I may meet with a hundred rebuffs and disappointments, and be desperate; but still I stand, with armor buckled on, ready for fresh action. I am enduring and submissive, but not resigned. How strongly and firmly I planted my feet on that rocky, snowy road, as I paced rapidly to and fro, looking up at the cliffs and the shut-in gorge, which, doubtless, was "le Bout du Monde" to the innocent peasants of the place! It was a solemn, sublime spot, well fitted to dream in, and fancy might readily weave woofs and webs, of sombre but grand contrasts, filling memory's store-house with material for the use of the imagination at more healthy seasons. I seemed surrounded with

                "Fragments of a crystal world
                Long shattered from its skyey course."

Noonday approaching warned me of the necessity of returning toward the town, and I retraced the road on the border of the Lysse, which had led me to this beautiful spot in the morning. I found my children up, dressed, and the maid spreading a nice dinner for us in the little ante-room.
        "Comme tu es fraiche chère petite maman," cried the two children, leaping into my arms, and smothering me with kisses.
        My walk had sharpened my appetite, as well as brightened my cheeks and eyes, and I hastened to our dinner. That through, we hurried down to the diligence, in order to be seated before the other passengers arrived. As I stepped in after Ernst, the boy made a lament, and my foot pressed something hard.
        "Oh, mon couteau, mon couteau!" he cried.
        "Here it is," I said; and I stooped down and picked up the knife from the straw, where he had dropped it. I slipped it into my pocket in the hurry of arrangement, intending to put it in the sac de nuit after getting seated, for it was a heavy thing and quite in the way. It was one he had just received from America as a present; it was a regular Western bowie-knife, and he wanted to take it on to show to his little cousins at Turin. We had just got seated when in trooped the other passengers. There were not so many as the night before, and some were new ones. An old peasant woman was among them, and I made room for her beside Ernst. My German neighbor, I observed with great satisfaction, had left also.
        Toward sunset we reached St. Jean, where the pass of Mount Cenis commences. The children looked out of the window, and Ernst left his seat to see something on the roadside which had attracted his sister's attention. When the diligence was ready to start, as Ernst returned to his seat, we found it occupied, and, to my surprise and dissatisfaction, I recognized in the new-comer the German who had annoyed me so much the preceding night. He had evidently been traveling from Chambery in some other part of the diligence. I noticed, also, that every one had left the interieure except the old woman, who was asleep in the farthest corner. My heart seemed to stand still for an instant. He said nothing, but, as my eye met his, I noticed in his expression that he observed my annoyance, and exulted in it. I changed my seat to the opposite bench, and arranged my children there on each side of me. The German took no other notice of the change than stretching himself out on the unoccupied seats. I began to think that I had been foolishly alarming myself, and I gradually dismissed my fears of present danger, and became absorbed in the thought of M-- and the life-desolation her death would cause me. Night darkened, the air was filled with the heavy breathing of the sleepers, and the dull, hoarse snoring of the old woman showed how leaden and heavy was her sleep. The diligence wheels groaned along through the hard, stony snow, grinding it with sharp, harsh creaks into powder. The night was very dark, and the wind blew high, moaning in soughs and gusts around the desolate place. The voice of the driver and cries of the postillion to the horses sounded as if coming from a great distance. While I was noticing this the helplessness and loneliness of my position again presented itself tome. No cry of mine could possibly be heard, thrown out from this shut-up box of a place, on that surging, roaring wind, or, if heard, probably no attention would be paid to it, for I knew, according to European notions, I had no business to be traveling in such a place unprotected.
        Ernst had crept down on the large tin chaufferette at our feet, and lay with his head in my lap, one little soft cheek buried in the palm of my hand. I listened to the sweet rise and fall of the sleeping breath of my children, and so loud did my heart throb that I could plainly hear the difference of its anxious troubled beat contrasted with the peaceful measure of those childish slumbers. I heard a slight rustling in the corner occupied by the German, and I thought I saw in the dim light a figure moving.
        "My anxiety is making a baby of me," I said to myself, but I strained my eyes forward, watching closely. I was not mistaken, the man arose and came stealing over to my side of the interieure.
        "Wir sind besonders glücklich, so allein zu sein in dunkler Nacht, und um eine solche gute Gelegenheit zu benutzen setze man beiseide äuszerliche Besheidenheit" (We are very lucky to be all alone in this dark night; we ought to use such a good opportunity, and not be too modest), he said, as he stealthily approached me. He took his seat beside me, and put his arm up to rest it on my neck.
        I sprang to my feet, snatched the knife out of my pocket, the recollection of which came to me as if by inspiration, touched its spring, and flashed the broad, bright blade in his face—there was just light enough to show the glimmer of the steel. I am sure if he had touched me I should have killed him. I never saw a human being so alarmed in my life. He was struck dumb, he cowered down and gradually crept off and off, farther and farther, until he reached the far end of the interieure. I did not speak one word, nor cease looking at him; I was afraid of breaking the fascination. I resumed my seat with assumed calmness, and snapped the blade with leisurely beats to and fro. I do not know how long I sat in that way—the time seemed interminable. About midnight we were half-way over the pass, and the diligence stopped at one of the relay-houses or houses of refuge. There my German admirer stepped out, and I saw him no more.
        In the morning we reached Susa, and the diligence was placed on the railway. Before starting again I heard the voice of the German talking outside to one of the guards, who was bantering him, and evidently urging him to return to the interieure.
        "Verdammit, nein," he muttered sullenly, "da drinnen ist eine Bärin." (Curse it, no! there's a she-bear in there!)
        "Sie ist eine Americanerin" (She's an American), said the guard, laughing.
        The German's teeth fairly chattered with fright as he cried, "Americanerin! was Sie nicht sagen! Mein Gott! lieber ginge ich in die Höhle einer Bärin als Einer solchen Americanerin zu nahe zu kommen!"—(An American! You don't say so! Good God! I'd rather go into a she-bear's den than come too near such a she-American!)
        The other men laughed heartily, the shriek of the locomotive sounded, and soon we were in motion again, and in a few hours were in Turin. My night's anxiety was over in every way, for on my arrival at the house where M. had her apartments I found her out of danger, and in a profound slumber. In a fortnight she was well enough to enjoy my description of my journey, and laugh with me over the fright of my German admirer and the good use made of Ernst's bowie-knife.

A Struggle for Mastery

Originally published in Saint Pauls (Virtue and Co.) vol.2 #12 (Sep 1868).


III.

As the first day at Waldstadt was, so were those that followed. The only change was that wrought by time in the relations between the two mothers-in-law, whose mutual animosity increased daily. It was a struggle for mastery, in which sometimes one, sometimes the other, had the best of it. His reverence for his mother, his own tastes and early habits, disposed Waldstein to few changes. On the other hand, there was his passion for his wife, and, because of her, his desire to satisfy Mrs. Willington. He was a man who hated strife—indeed, turmoil of any kind; and peace, he began to see, was the one thing he could not obtain. Paris and Baden had been all very well in their way occasionally in his bachelor days; now, to live in his Schloss from one year's end to the other seemed to him the obvious scheme of existence for married folk, to whom "the world" could offer few allurements. No doubt there would be a visit to Kreuznach now and then,—most Germans regard mineral waters as an article of physical faith,—or some such deadly-lively bath, where gambling is not, and pleasure-seekers never resort. Other years, too, there might possibly be a little tour in Switzerland or Tyrol, when he and his Margaret would see the sun rise from mountain-tops, and talk sentiment on moonlit lakes, and live the old brief love-making days over again. Such had been the prospect to which he had looked forward; and now that he drew near to where the reality should be, lo! like the Fata Morgana, the vision melted hourly away. In Mrs. Willington's presence, at least, nothing like it would ever be; and if, under any circumstances, Margaret could have been brought to accept cheerfully the conditions of life he proposed at Schloss Waldstcin, she certainly never would do so as long as her mother was at her side. It was all very easy to say, as the Gräfin did not hesitate to do most decidedly, "Send her away, my son. She is an irreligious, world-loving woman, who corrupts the heart of thy wife. Send her away." But loving her mother as Margaret did, accustomed, as she had been, to regard everything with her mother's eyes, suck a step would have required more force of character than Rudolph von Waldstein possessed. Mrs. Willington's complaints wearied, and her frivolity disgusted him; he generally took refuge in an obstinate silence from her dolorous or angry remonstrances. At the end of the second month he disliked her almost more than his mother did; he longed, with an unutterable longing, to get rid of her, and he did not know how to do it.
        One day General von Hanecke came over. It was a blessed break in the day's monotony; he was greeted by Mrs. Willington as he never had been greeted before. She monopolised him; poured forth her lamentations in his ear; informed him, in confidence, that her daughter would certainly never submit to this life for very long; accused Rudolph of indifference to her comfort, and declared that Schloss Waldstein was little better than a prison. As to herself, she said the life was killing her by inches. Had she but known what it was, with that dreadful old woman, in whose hands Rudolph was as dough, nothing should have induced her to consent to the marriage. Why did not General von Hanecke warn her? She had been deceived, too, in fancying her son-in-law to be a much richer man than he was. The stinginess of all the arrangements at the Schloss,—the meanness of that old woman,—were beyond description. In her country, why the poorest lady would be above doing the things this countess did! It was abominable!
        Under his well-fed jollity, and apparent indifference to all serious matters, the old General had a reserved stock of good sense, which, like his powder, he was always careful to keep dry. He did not waste it on Mrs. Willington. But he took Waldstein aside before leaving, and, looking gravely in his face, said,—
        "There is not room for two suns in the same heaven, lieber Freund."
        "What do you mean, General?"
        "That either the gracious lady-mother or Frau Willington,—one or other,—will have to leave this house."
        "Certainly it will not be my mother," said the Count, with a touch of heat. "No power on earth,—neither wife nor any one else,—should ever get me to turn my mother out of the home which has been hers nearly forty years."
        "Then it must be the dear bride's mother, lieber Waldstein, and the sooner the better."
        But a month later, when he came again, she was still there; and the last state of that woman was, as he had foreseen, worse than the first. Scenes were of constant occurrence which must have worn out the patience of Job in time; and Waldstein, in spite,—perhaps because,—of his inherent weakness, it must be confessed, had an almost patriarchal measure of that virtue. His mother's righteous wrath, his wife's fears, Mrs. Willington's reproaches, could not have gone on for over. "Gutta cavat lapidem." Some day or other, his anger mastering him, he would have turned the latter lady out of his house, I suppose. It is a pity he did not do so.
        Mrs. Willington would voluntarily have withdrawn her forces long since, and have sought for consolation in the Rue de la Paix; but without remittances from America, she found herself constrained to remain where she was; and the remittances did not arrive. Crippled by past extravagance, she must eat the Waldstein bread for the present, and wish, as best she might, for a good time coming. As to altering the state of things at the Schloss, she began almost to despair of it; but she saw a hope of deliverance,—of deliverance for herself and her daughter. Though she wisely said nothing of it, it was this hope which sustained her through the greater part of that dreary winter, passed in the reading of French novels, in correspondence with Paris and New York, in sharp verbal encounters with Madame Mère, and in stirring up her daughter to fearful discontent.
        In May Mrs. Willington thought it time that her project should ooze out; for in August Margaret hoped to become a mother. One morning, therefore, finding Rudolph alone, Mrs. Willington opened the campaign, by saying,—
        "Dear Margaret is looking very ill. The change in her cannot have escaped you."
        Now his wife's pallor and dejection Waldstein had attributed, and so had Madame Mère, quite as much to that constant blister, her mother's tongue, as to her condition.
        "I understand that she should be kept as quiet and free from irritating discussion as possible," he said.
        "Ah! you may say that! I am sure it is not I who ever wish to have discussions. But if you were only as observant of her as you once were, Rudolph, you would see what it is that is preying on her mind."
        He was used to this sort of language now; he was silent, for he was determined he would not do as he was expected, and ask "What?"
        "She is very, very nervous about her confinement, Rudolph."
        "She ought to take more exercise, Mrs. Willington. She scarcely ever drives with me now; and my mother says—"
        "Oh, don't tell me what the Gräfin says, Rudolph. I tell you Margaret is exceedingly weak, and cannot stand the shaking of that carriage of yours."
        "She might walk a little."
        "No, she cannot walk. The Gräfin is always at her about walking, but her system would kill Margaret at once. Your mother cannot understand a delicate organization like my child's—and fortunately Margaret is not completely under her thumb, to do just as she orders . . . . You might see, indeed, that it is partly a dread of all these violent measures, and all the Gräfin's talk about death, and preparation for another world, that is preying on my child. In short, as the time draws near, she is consumed by a terror of being confined in this out-of-the-way place, with nobody to attend her but that stupid old Doctor Strumpf. She has a presentiment that she will die in his hands."
        "There is an eminent surgeon at Constance, whom we can send for."
        "But it is not only the surgeon, it is the place—the place and your mother's depressing influence. If she is confined here, she says she knows she shall die."
        Waldstein was annoyed and distressed; not that he believed Mrs. Willington implicitly, but that he knew her influence over her daughter, and that if she so willed it, she could succeed in making Margaret seriously nervous and unhappy. He walked away with a sigh: as he invariably did when he wished to terminate a discussion with his mother-in-law.
        But the conversation left its mark. Argue as he might to himself about it, the sight of Margaret's worn face and piteous eyes, at times recalled her mother's words in a distressing manner. Mrs. Willington let them work silently, as regarded Rudolph; to her daughter she never ceased to dilate upon the horrors of a long illness, bound hand and foot under the tyranny of Madame Mère, and upon the clumsiness and stupidity of country surgeons.
        "What makes thee so mournful, my Margaret?" said Rudolph, as he entered his wife's room one evening, and found her seated by the window, her hands lying listless in her lap, her eyes turned towards the early summer sunset. "Thou should'st not be so sad. Keep up a good courage, and all will go well."
        She only shook her head sadly, she did not even turn her face towards him.
        "Thou must not let thy mother fill thy head with foolish thoughts and fears," he continued. "It is nonsense."
        "It is true," she murmured.
        "Margaret, this is all thy mother's doing. I know it. Every child of this family has been born here; dost thou suppose my mother ever went away to be confined? She had seven, of whom I am the last. She would as soon have thought of going to Jerusalem as to Paris when she was to be brought to bed."
        "The Gräfin and I are very different," sighed Margaret.
        "Then think of all the poor women who, being very little cared for, are safely delivered yearly. Why should'st thou die more than they, Margaret? It is not reasonable. It is giving way to foolish fancies, which may in the end really do thee a mischief."
        "It is no use arguing about it. I feel I shall die, if my baby is born here."
        "It is nothing but a subterfuge of Mrs. Willington's to get thee to Paris," said Rudolph with impatience, and then added imprudently, "My mother says so, and she is quite right. It would never have entered thine own head."
        "Oh, of course the Gräfin will abuse poor mamma, and lay it to her door; we are quite prepared for that."
        "I think it would be much happier for us all, Margaret,—for thy mother, no less than for thee and me—if—if—if—she would go to Paris alone."
        She turned full upon him, and then burst into tears.
        "How can you be so cruel, Rudolph? Isn't it enough that I have no longer any influence with you now? do you wish also to separate me from mamma, and at such a time as this, too? The Gräfin hates me—of course, I know she does; and it is in her hands you want me to be when my time of trouble comes—and you would send poor mamma away. Oh it is cruel!"
        "Well, well—say no more about it, Margaret. I really suggested it as much for Mrs. Willington's comfort as our own. She seems to find it so impossible to be happy here."
        Margaret dried her eyes, and nothing more was said then. All the evening he was unusually tender in his manner to her; and the next morning she got up in better spirits, and put on a new gown, which had been hanging in the apple-closet all these months.
        The Gräfin lifted up her hands and eyes when she appeared.
        "What dost thou wear such clothes for here, Margaret? dost thou think to please thy husband by this sinful waste upon thy vile body; and at such a moment as this, too, when thou art especially, so to speak, in the Lord's hand? what are satins and laces compared with the soul?"
        "I am sure I don't know, Madame," said Margaret humbly, seeing that she was expected to reply.
        "My son, let me tell thee, Margaret, has the fear of the Lord, and the Day of Wrath and Vengeance, ever before his eyes. In that dread day—"
        "Oh, please don't, Madame; don't talk like that. The gown was bought with mamma's money; but indeed I don't know why I put it on, for I don't suppose Rudolph cares—no one cares now, I think, what I wear!"
        "I should hope not. We are a mass of corruption, and what does it signify what we put on? A little time and we shall be food for the worms: and how, then, Margaret, with the perils of child-bearing before thee, can—"
        "Oh! pray, pray don't, Madame. I am weak and nervous, and I can't stand it,—I can't indeed. I'll put on sackeloth if you wish it."
        "What ails thee? not godly sorrow for sin, I fear, Margaret; but the mere carnal shrinking from those pains which we are born to suffer. Hast thou read the passages from the 'Commentary on the Romans' which I marked for thee?"
        "No, Madame, she has not read them," said Mrs. Willington, who had entered during the last speech. "I took the book away: it seemed to me most uncomfortable reading. She would only have made herself miserable, and for what?"
        "'Uncomfortable' and 'for what?'" echoed Madame Mère, literally aghast.
        "Yes, for what? It doesn't seem to me, according to your doctrine of predestination, that it much matters what we do, or don't do. If we are to be saved, if we are elect, it's all right, you know; and if not, there's no use in trying, or in making oneself miserable beforehand."
        "Such language is impious!" cried the old Gräfin.
        "So, I think, is the doctrine, Madame," responded the American lady, imperturbably.
        "Those who disbelieve it, without doubt they shall perish everlastingly."
        Madame Mère gave this denunciation with great unction, and left the room. She could stand it no longer. This woman was a limb of Satan. Oh, how blind had Rudolph been, to reject that excellent, pious Clara von Hanecke, with her ancient lineage and her fifty thousand thalers, because she was a little plain, and to be caught by a weak, foolish creature, like this Margaret, without fortune or family, all along of her pretty face! It might do very well for her to insinuate to her daughter-in-law that her son was impervious to the lust of the eyes; in her own heart she knew better. Were it not so, this hateful marriage would never have accomplished itself; and Rudolph would have yielded to his mother's wishes in espousing the good Clara. How different all would have been then!
        But when she came at last to know that Mrs. Willington had conceived the idea of carrying off her daughter to Paris to be confined, and that there were symptoms of Rudolph yielding, in his love and anxiety for his wife, to this base plot, her indignation was great indeed. It was positively sinful; it was tempting Providence to chastise her heavily. Could not the Lord deliver her as safely in the wild desert, far from all human aid, as with those feeble instruments of his will, the most eminent surgeons in Europe? Nay, was it not absolutely dangerous, in her present condition, to set forth on a long railway journey in the great heats of summer? It was provoking the Lord to visit her with sundry grievous ills. These and other arguments, spiritual and temporal, she visited very severely upon Margaret and her son. With Mrs. Willington she did not vouchsafe to argue now,—giving her over to a reprobate mind beyond the reach of righteous influence. But all she said had little effect on Margaret; so eager was she to escape anywhere—anywhere, so that she could only get away; and the sight of her wan face, and the piteous manner in which she supplicated Rudolph not to insist on her baby being born at Schloss Waldstein, triumphed of course in the end over all the Gräfin's unanswerable arguments.
        Towards the end of June they went to Paris, and took an apartment in the Champs Elysées. "Margaret has left that abominable hole," wrote her mother to a dear friend in New York, "and if I have any influence, it will be long—very long, before she sets foot in it again. Count Waldstein has a good fortune, and he ought to live in Paris,—the only place in Europe to live in,—instead of mewing Margaret up in that dull, dreadful place, which was nearly the death of us both during the seven months we were there. If it wasn't for that dreadful old woman, his mother, he would be very easy to manage. As it is, now that we have got away from her, I mean that Margaret shall keep away. We shall see which is stronger, the old Gräfin or I."


IV.

In the beginning of August a boy was born to the young Graf and Gräfin von Waldstein. Rudolph found himself very miserable in Paris in those days. When his natural rejoicing over the birth of a son, and the safety of Margaret, had a little subsided, he began to pine for the vineyards and farms, the pine-woods and fish-streams of his country, and to find the broiling, deserted capital,—his few acquaintances were "aux eaux,"—insupportable. He was told that Margaret must be kept quiet. One or two peeps of her during the day was all that his mother-in-law allowed him. He had nothing to do. He wandered to and fro upon the burning asphalt, and ate ices at every second café he came to, and went into stifling theatres to rush out gasping, and drive to the Bois for a mouthful of fresh night-air. He anathematised the fair city, and vowed that, once quit of it, nothing should bring him here again for a very long time. A summons requiring his instant presence at Schloss Waldstein came opportunely, just as his impatience at Margaret's prolonged state of convalescence and his weariness of Paris had reached their climax.
        She had been confined nearly three weeks when he received a telegram one morning. His mother was alarmingly,—almost hopelessly ill. An hour later he was in the mail train on his way to Strasburg.
        "God bless thee, my darling!" he said, as he pressed Margaret in his arms. "Make haste and get strong, and come back to me. I am very sad at heart. I tremble to think of my good mother,—my dear, wise counsellor. What should I do without her? I pray God I may find her out of danger."
        The baby was brought in, and the father took up the little creature in his arms.
        "He has your eyes," whispered Margaret with a smile. "But if the Gräfin recovers,—as I hope she soon may,—you must come back to me at once, Rudolph, for I shall be so desolate without you; and baby will grow out of your recollection if you are too long away."
        There was the slightest shade crossed his brow.
        "I hope to see you both at Waldstein,—thou and baby, my dearest, very soon. The mamma will, no doubt, remain here awhile. It would be too hard to force our quiet life again upon her so soon. I have only just time to catch the train. I must be off, my darling." And laying the child down, he threw his arms once more round his wife, and ran down-stairs.
        In the grey of the summer's morning he drove up the little street of Waltstadt, and looked at the windows of the distant Schloss, and felt a sinking at heart. What if he should, indeed, be too late; and it should be all over with her? What if she should have passed away without laying her hand upon his head, and giving him her last blessing? Such autocrats as Madame Mère are loved very faithfully, we see sometimes, by natures like her son's. He had passed a sleepless night, during which he had often remembered bitterly that but for Mrs. Willington he would now be at his mother's bedside. As he drove into the courtyard two of the old servants came to the door to meet him. He stretched his head out of the window: he could not speak. "The gracious lady" was better within the last few hours. He jumped from the carriage, and ran into the house. He found Strumpf, who corroborated the assurance that the gracious lady's illness had taken a favourable turn. He did not apprehend now any immediate danger, and Rudolph was ushered into his mother's room. She received him calmly, and in a voice very little weakened by illness.
        "It has pleased the Lord to spare me yet a little. I-was prepared to go; but His will be done. Thou did'st well to return, Rudolph; but why not thy wife? When do she and the child follow thee? The beds are aired, and there is a roe fresh killed in the larder, for I looked that they should come with thee."
        He was rather startled by this sudden return to the practical concerns of life from the lips of one whom he had regarded so lately as a dying woman; and he replied, with some hesitation, "Margaret is too weak to travel at present; indeed, I was too anxious about you, mother, to make any definite arrangements for her return home."
        Madame Mère justified her doctor's and her own confident assertion that she was out of immediate danger; but her illness assumed a very grave complexion, for all that. It became apparent, after a few days, that there was organic disease, which threatened to transform the active, energetic old woman into a confirmed invalid. The powers of her mind were unimpaired, and she showed herself of wonderful courage, treating the matter with indifference when the doctor spoke openly to her of her condition. It was no doubt a sore trial to be told that she would be unable, henceforward, to go about as she had hitherto done; but she bore it with Spartan fortitude. Her son was with her; it was more to her than she would own; she had him for the present all to herself, and it was very sweet. It could not last long, she knew; but it was a bit of the old times, when her sway was paramount and undisputed; and she was determined to make the most of it while it lasted.
        At the end of a fortnight he wrote to Margaret thus:—
        "My mother is in too precarious a state for me to think of leaving her. Though Strumpf does not think there is any longer any immediate danger, her condition is very critical. A sudden attack, in her enfeebled state, must prove fatal; and I fear she will never regain the use of her limbs. Under these circumstances, dearest Margaret, I hope to hear that the doctors now think you strong enough to bear the journey,—as you have been out driving, you tell me,—and that you will lose no time, but set off at once, under Carl's care, who will see to everything on the journey, so that you will have no trouble. I should, of course, return for you myself; but I see that the idea of my leaving her just now annoys my mother, and might aggravate her malady so seriously, that I have no choice but to give it up. You and baby, with your maids, will have a carriage to yourselves, and sleep at Strasburg; and I can meet you the next day half-way between that and this, returning here the same evening. I will give Carl full instructions."
        Margaret did not reply to this letter for two or three days; and then she took no notice of the main point in it. The omission, which was enforced by Mrs. Willington, was, however, fully, perhaps too fully, supplied by that lady herself. She wrote,—

        "It is not to be thought of that our dear Margaret should travel for some time to come yet. She requires the tenderest care and nursing, which she cannot have at Schloss Waldstein,—especially now that the Gräfin herself is ill. She pines to be with you, or rather, for you to be with her, since the bare idea of your Schloss just now, in her delicate state, is depressing; and it is absolutely essential that, for the present, she should be surrounded by everything that is cheerful. I am sure, therefore, that you will make a point of returning to her here as soon as possible. Baby grows very fast, and every one declares he is the very image of you.
                "Always, my dear Rudolph, your affectionate
                                "Caroline Willington."

        When the husband read this cool note he was very angry. Madame Mère happened to be much better that day, and Rudolph was for setting off instantly to Paris and bringing back his wife, in spite of doctors, mother-in-law, and all. But the Gräfin was too wise to permit this. She knew what the result would be; the two women would infallibly get round him, and, with the Doctor's aid perhaps, cajole him into remaining at Paris. She knew her son; indeed, if she did not, who should? She dictated a letter for him,—a firm but temperate letter, a very model in its way. It was addressed to his wife, and ignored Mrs. Willington's letter altogether, which exasperated that lady exceedingly.
        "So it is to be a guerre à outrance between us, is it?" she murmured, as she tossed aside the letter. "So be it, mon cher. The letter is your mother's; of course I know that, and she shall find I am not to be treated thus with impunity. Margaret shall not leave Paris."
        A day or two after, Margaret, moved by a sudden impulse, which not even her mother was able to restrain, wrote a long, troubled, affectionate letter to her husband, praying of him to come to her, and promising to return home with him as soon as she was a little stronger. There was a great deal about her baby, a great deal about her own feelings at being away from Rudolph, and of her poor dear mamma's, at the prospect of being parted from her only child. She entreated him not to be angry with her, for, she assured him, she was not strong enough to travel yet,—least of all, by herself. Whatever effect this might have produced on Waldstein was neutralised by a second epistle from his mother-in-law. In it, after animadverting sharply upon his contemptuous treatment of her former letter, she went on to say that the term for which Rudolph had taken the apartment having expired, she had renewed it for three months, as it was out of the question her daughter's returning to Schloss Waldstein until she was stronger. Let Rudolph come and see her, and judge for himself. She was very weak and hysterical, and his protracted absence tried her severely. It was necessary to try and distract her thoughts,—to rouse her, in short. Therefore Mrs. Willington had begun to be "at home" of an evening to the few friends who had returned to Paris.
        Thereupon Rudolph lost all patience, and wrote angrily to his wife, bidding her remember that her first duty now was to her husband, and not to her mother. "In the old school, in which I have been bred, wives are still subject to their husbands. Probably in America, under the new system, you have changed all that. I must remind you, however, that you have married a German, not an American. I trust you enjoy your daily drives and evening parties; and it is a pity, as you are strong enough to amuse yourself thus, that you should think you are still too weakly,—your baby being nearly three months old,—to undertake this short journey! My returning for you is impossible. My mother has had another very alarming attack; I cannot leave her." He concluded thus:—"As to Mrs. Willington, I decline to have any further communication with her. I cannot prevent her writing to me, but I shall not answer her letters; and I wish her to understand that it is impossible I should again receive under my roof a person who incites my wife to open disobedience." This was strong language, and it was his own; though, of course, it was Madame Mère who roused him into this attitude of open defiance to Mrs. Willington.
        "Be firm, my son. Give way now, and it is all up with thee. Go to Paris, and thou mightest as well sell this, thy old home, at once. Thou wilt be under the thumb of those two for evermore; and she, this misguided Margaret, will never again be thy wife in duty and submission. Be firm now, and she must yield, my son."
        Then Rudolph wrote that letter, in which he made the most of, and intrenched himself behind, a slight relapse the Gräfin had had, in his sore dread of being thought to be "under the thumb" of his wife and his wife's mother. Like many a weak man, he resented the shadow while submitting to the substance. He became more and more subject to the will of Madame Mère. An unfortunate rejoinder of Margaret's, in which, stung by what he had written of her mother, she recriminated in no measured terms, setting forth all she had suffered at the Gräfin's hands, was the beginning of a correspondence in which, unhappily, both writers had a prompter at hand, urging them "not to give way," if they wished for ultimate happiness; and very bitter things were said on both sides, which it was hard to forget or to forgive. Yet the young wife loved her husband passionately all this time, and, but for the evil counseller at her side, would, over and over again, have run and fallen upon his neck and confessed her fault, and humbled herself. So he, too, though the man's character was more obstinate and unforgiving,—the two fatal strong points of weakness,—so he, too, would have been tempted more than once to condone past offences, and fly to his wife's arms, but for the iron grasp which held him back. And thus gradually, by brooding over his wrongs, an implacable feeling grew up; a settled hostility became the habitual attitude of his mind in thinking of Margaret. He loved her very deeply and faithfully still; no other woman could ever take Margaret's place in his heart; but she had hurt him,—hurt the better as well as the worse parts of his nature, and he felt that she should be made to suffer.
        A year, a whole year, passed thus: the erring wife ill at ease in heart and conscience, though now taking part in all the gay society of Paris, with which her mother surrounded her. She found no real pleasure in it; but she met with a great deal of admiration, and it was better than being alone; she was so miserable when forced back upon her own thoughts. If Rudolph suffered no less, at least he had the satisfaction of believing that he was acting on the highest moral principles, and that any other line of conduct would be miserably weak, undignified, and futile. He had now, for some four or five months past, declined to send Margaret any more money for herself or the child, which, during all the earlier period of their separation, he had regularly done; but this attempt to starve the fortress into submission did not seem likely to be successful. From what source Mrs. Willington derived the funds to live as she was doing, Waldstein could not guess, knowing as he did of her money difficulties not long before.
        "And so you saw her several times? Tell me all about her, General. How did she look? What did she say about me?"
        He had ridden over thirty miles to see General von Hanecke, who was just returned from Paris.
        "One thing at a time, lieber Freund. How did she look? Beautiful. She goes out every night, and is surrounded by Frenchmen. She laughs and looks gay enough, too; but it's all hollow. Depend on it, if it wasn't for that she-wolf, she would be back with you tomorrow."
        "Is not that a proof how little she cares for me? To be kept away by a mother!"
        The old soldier pursed his lips, and could scarce forbear a smile, though he was really interested in his friend's matrimonial affairs.
        "You should have married Clara,—you really should. In the first place, she has no mother . . . However, there is no use in crying over spilt milk. You ask what she said about you? Well, of course, she declared you had behaved cruelly to her; of course she said that you thought more of the gracious lady your mother than you did of her,—that she kept you away. But she asked so many questions—she was so much moved when she spoke of you, that I saw well how the matter stood."
        "Kept away by my mother! I like that! Look at this letter—this last letter of hers! Did you ever read such a composition? Do you suppose that after speaking of my mother, of my family, and home, in the way she does—"
        "It is the she-wolf's writing, lieber Freund; it is not your Margaret's, depend on it. Separate her from the she-wolf, as I said before, and all will be well between you."
        "It is very easy to say that. Doesn't she tell me here, that unless I retract what I said concerning her mother, and consent to welcome her back to my house, she herself will never return? Think of that from a wife!—instead of her apologising to me for her language! It is monstrous! It wouldn't be believed in a book!"
        "No," said the General, drawing a long puff at his pipe, "it wouldn't be believed. Clara wouldn't have written like that; but then women are different,—they are very strange animals, all of them. You have heard of Mrs. Willington's good fortune?" Waldstein shook his head. "An old uncle died in America, some four months ago, leaving her a very large property. There is some little difficulty about it, which may entail her having to go over to America; but, in the meantime, she has taken a larger apartment in Paris on the strength of it, and entertains largely. Yes, women are strange animals!"
        Waldstein ground his teeth: the secret of both mother's and daughter's independence, since he had stopped the supplies, was at last explained. He rode home in a worse frame of mind than he had come in. Was ever a husband placed in a more wretched and perplexing position? He loved her; in spite of everything, he loved her still, and she was his by law. Should he try, and have recourse to it, for a restitution of his conjugal rights? What was he to do? How long was this state of things to go on? Wounded love and pride cried aloud,—rage and mortification kept repeating that, in one way or another, there must speedily be an end to this shameful scandal.
        And now, as though fuel were wanting to the flame which daily waxed fiercer round Margaret's name, a report reached Madame Mère's ears that a certain Monsieur de Boisjelin was making her daughter-in-law the object of such marked attentions as to attract observation. The lovely Madame de Waldstein, who was virtually a widow, since her husband had abandoned her,—thus ran a certain version of her story,—did nothing to discourage her French admirer; though it was admitted that she never showed any marked preference for him. But then her love of admiration, her restless search after excitement was such, it was urged, as might lead her to the commission of any folly, even where her heart remained untouched. These words did not fall, I am afraid, upon unwilling ears; though Madame Mère was, of course, piously horrified, shocked, and indignant. Over and above her morality in the abstract, too, there was her morality of pride, as the Gräfin von Waldstein. The possibility of such a stain as this attaching to the name of her son's wife was very grievous; but she was not unready to give it credence. She had long thought of Margaret as a vain, heartless, unprincipled woman. She could not conceive that a wife, leading the life Margaret was doing away from her husband, and in obstinate defiance of his wishes, could be anything else; and it was thus she spoke of her in conversation with her son. And now this rumour was come to confirm all her suspicions, and she could no longer feel a scruple,—if any restrained her heretofore,—in urging her son to separate himself for ever from his godless wife, unless she was minded instantly to return, an abject and penitent sheep, into the fold of Schloss Waldstein. I believe she regarded Margaret's conduct at this time as a special dispensation of Providence, provided for her son's emancipation.
        In the autumn of that year Mrs. Willington found, as Von Hanecke had told Rudolph, that her presence was necessary in America; and she told her daughter that her only course was to accompany her.
        "As to giving in to that obstinate husband of yours now, my darling, it would be folly—worse than folly. When he hears that we have sailed—actually sailed—and are across the Atlantic, he will be in a fine way, depend on it! We shall very soon bring him to his senses. He will follow us to New York at once; mark my words if he doesn't. And, at all events, we shall be back here early in the spring. Your remaining here alone by yourself isn't to be thought of. It would never do. No, you have no choice but to accompany me, or to return to Schloss Waldstein, and lick the dust off that old witch's feet. And a fine time you will have of it, my poor child, for the remainder of your life, treated like a galley-slave, as you will be! I say nothing of myself."
        "I think," sobbed Margaret, "I shouldn't mind any—any—anything now so much,—I think I could even stand the old Gräfin, if only Rudolph would apologise about you, mamma."
        "That he will never do at Schloss Waldstein, my darling. He may, when we can get him to listen to reason between us; but with his mother at his side, he will never give in about me,—always look at me with a jaundiced eye, depend on it."
        The weak, misguided Margaret, with a heavy heart, took her boy up in her arms, and followed her mother across the sea. And when news of this last act of defiance to her husband reached the Schloss, the waves of wrath and indignation, which had been long gathering, reared themselves into one mighty wall, and broke over her fair, foolish head. But before this, a last and solemn appeal was still made by the irritated husband, who was now almost beside himself; and this letter was put into Margaret's hand soon after her landing at New York. She was miserable; she sobbed for days over it; she wrote a dozen letters and tore them all up; and then the mother said, "Leave it unanswered. In a month he will be at your feet." But two months, and then three, and then four crept by, without a word, without a sign of life. The most vehement anger, the most stinging reproach would have been preferable to this silence. She grew thin and pale; she fell ill, and her mother became alarmed,—for her daughter's beauty, which she prized so dearly, was impaired. And then, one morning, came a letter, directed to Margaret, in a strong, lawyer-like hand; the reading of which letter to the end she did not accomplish until long afterwards, for, after the first few lines, she fell like a stone upon the floor; and this was followed by a brain-fever, in which she hung, during many days, between life and death, and was for weeks incapable of the smallest mental exertion. The letter ran thus:—

        "Madam,
                "I am instructed by my client, the Count von Waldstein, to inform you that, having abandoned all hope of bringing you to see your duty as a wife, and feeling that the unhappy differences between you will only increase with time, he has felt it to be his duty, as much for your happiness as his own, to release you from a tie which has proved so irksome to you, and to sue for a divorce, which the laws of this country accord without difficulty, as you are doubtless aware, in such cases. Of course it is possible for you to appeal against this; but the Count has little doubt that your inclinations,—as shown by your conduct,—will not dispose you to do so; and were it otherwise, any professional adviser whom you may consult will instruct you that, after your repeated and resolute refusal to return to the Count's roof, such appeal would be unavailing. The Count desires, further, to inform you that should you consent to your infant son being given up into his care now, he is ready to take him. You are doubtless aware that after his fourth year the child can be legally claimed by his father. Should you put any difficulties in the way of this, by concealing him in America, the Count will relinquish all interest or moral responsibility in his son's future. No attempt will be made to interfere with his legal inheritance to the title and estates; but that portion of his property which is in the Count's own power to dispose of he will devise away from his son, should you offer any obstruction to the child's being given up to his father on the completion of his fourth year."

        When Margaret was able, after many months, to be brought to Europe, a friend met her at Liverpool. He came to break the fact to her that, according to German law, she was no longer the wife of the Count von Waldstein. She was once more Margaret Willington.


V.

        On a golden summer's evening, some years after the events just recorded, one of those rattling glass vehicles, with a hump of luggage on their backs, which are common throughout Germany, drove up the steep street of Waldstadt, and stopped at the only Gast-haus of the town. The carriage was thickly powdered over with fine white dust from the roads, which had not seen a shower now for some weeks. Its occupants,—a lady in mourning, with a handsome boy of eight or nine, and a maid,—had evidently suffered a good deal from the heat. The lady, indeed, seemed in delicate health. She kept her veil down, so that it was not possible to see her face; but her step as she got out was feeble, and she held fast by the child's hand, as though she found some support there, and dreaded to lose it. The boy stretched his little legs when he found himself on terra-firma, and showed by his wonderful contortions that his small limbs had been cramped for some hours in that hot, dusty carriage.
        The best rooms cf the "Schwartze Adler" were unlocked, the hermetically-closed shutters and windows opened, and a close smell of feather-beds and deal furniture permitted to escape. The child had his supper, the maid had hers; the lady sent down, untasted, the food that was brought her. She sat away from the light, her head resting between her two hands, each time the Kelner entered the room. And the boy ran about, clambered up the wardrobe, got a-straddle the great black stove, and indulged in a variety of pastimes testifying generally to the soundness of his lungs and limbs.
        "Look, mamma! here I am in the castle. I've taken it from the great big giant who lives here, and I've cut off his head. Why don't you look, mamma? Down there, on the chest of drawers, is where the princess lives. I'm going to carry her off. Do look, mamma!"
        The pale lady raised her head from time to time and smiled; and once, when she so looked up, the tears were in her eyes; but the child did not see them. At last, the young gentleman declared he was sleepy; the maid came, and he went to bed. He slept in his mother's room; and here, presently, when the sky was quite dark, and the stars grew thick above the red gables on the opposite side of the narrow Village street, shedding their tender light through the lattice of the little room, she came softly and knelt with the child beside his bed, and listened while he prayed that God would bless dear papa. And when the golden head was laid upon its pillow, and the heavy lids closed over the blue, dreamful eyes, the mother stayed there yet awhile upon her knees, and prayed her own prayer to her heavenly Father. Not for herself; the time was past now when she could ask for anything in this world but strength to bear the cross laid upon her. And now, poor soul! that she was about voluntarily to add fourfold to that heavy burthen, her thought, her prayer, was not for herself,—not that the cup might be taken from her, but that, by drinking it to the very bitter lees, she might further her child's welfare in this world and in the next.
        After this she rose, and drawing the veil about her face, crept downstairs, and through the archway out into the quiet, star-lit street. One or two women with their children at open doors, one or two husbandmen returning from their labour afar off in the hills, turned round to look at the tall, slight figure in black as it glided by. Then she came upon the white hill-side road, with the dusty vines to right and left, and she was alone. A single light twinkled from one of the windows of the Schloss; the outline of its towers showed dim against the clear, dark summer night. A little more than half-way up the hill the wanderer turned her feeble steps in among the vines to the left, where, some three hundred yards distant, the garden-wall came down in terraces, and was washed, so to speak, by the great sea of green at its feet. As she tottered on, faint and thirsting, between the grapes, some half ripened, some already purple, she plucked a bunch, and put it to her lips. "It would not have been theft once," she murmured.
        As she drew near to the foot of the garden wall the sound of voices fell upon her ear. She had thought that at this hour, under cover of the darkness, she was safe; and might yield to the weakness, the longing which was at her heart, once more to behold that old terrace-walk, associated as it was with some of the few happy hours in her short life. She shrank back; then suddenly, as the voice of one of the speakers fell upon her ear, she pressed her two hands against her heart, and half crouched, half sank upon the ground. She could not have gone a step farther had her life depended on it. She did not faint, but her heart seemed to stop beating, and she could neither see nor hear for some minutes. At last, she was conscious of another voice,—a voice she did not know: she could divine but too well, however, to whom it belonged, and she shivered. With the blue vault of heaven and its myriad stars above her head, the poor stricken creature lay, and saw the dim outline of two figures against the sky, and heard the sound of their slow-pacing feet upon the gravel. There, upon that very walk, where tenderest words had once been breathed into her ear, she heard the same lips breathe like language to another. She had exiled herself from Paradise, and she was standing now before the gate which was for ever closed on her in this world.
        Said the man's voice,—
        "Who can believe that it is five years? Would that my mother had lived to see how happy the marriage she planned has been for me, Clara!"
        "She was very good to me," replied a pleasant voice. "All the same, my dear Rudolph, I am not sure that we should have been as happy had the good mother been living with us."
        "Ah," sighed the husband, who was pursuing his own train of ideas, "had I followed her advice I should have been spared the three most painful years of my life, and six happy ones would have been added to it."
        "You know you would not look at me for ever so long," laughed the lady, good-humouredly. Then, changing her tone, she added,—"Ah! though I owe your mother a great debt of gratitude, yet nevertheless, my dear, I always feel for your poor Margaret. I often think whether even I, with my German training, and rigid, old-world ideas, could have stood the excellent mother's iron dominion here. I never was tried, you know, as she died so soon after our marriage; but when I remember that your Margaret had, besides, a foolish mother—"
        "By-the-bye, your uncle mentions her death in his letter to-day. She died at Paris, it seems, some weeks ago. I have never been able until now, Clara, to hear her name without impatience; but she is gone, and so let her memory rest. I forgive her all the wrong she did me. I think she must have repented of it herself before she died."
        They walked to the farther end of the terrace in silence. As they came back the wife stopped, and exclaimed,—
        "See the moon just appearing over the edge of the hill yonder, Rudolph! What a night it is! Are we not better here than in Stutgardt, where the good Queen would have us? For my part, I regret nothing at Court. You say you think it right that I should go there occasionally; but I should be quite content myself never to leave our old home."
        "Ah, it is well for us to go away sometimes, my wife, if it be only to enjoy the pleasure of our return,—of our solitude. In great crowds two hearts can never hear each other beat in perfect unison, I think."
        Did he recall the morning, nearly ten years ago, when he uttered those same words, standing on that very spot? No; but one who heard him remembered them only too well. In spite of herself, a moan, like the faint cry of a wounded bird, broke from her lips as she lay there.
        "What was that? Did you hear nothing down there among the vines? It sounded to me like the feeble wail of an infant."
        "Would that it were an omen, my Clara," said the husband, gently. "But Heaven, no doubt, sees fit to deny us that blessing, lest we should be too happy."
        The trembling woman, whose head was bowed upon her breast, heard the kiss which followed, and lifted up her eyes. The moon, which had now fully risen from behind the shoulder of the hill, shone bright upon Clara's face. It was a broad, sweet, kindly face; but there was no beauty that a man should desire. The goodness of soul that shone out through that plain-mask was its sole attraction. And,—alas! for poor human nature!—even in that hour, when all was at an end for her, when she knew that all earthly things were fading fast away, a gleam of consolation shot across the desolate woman's heart: "At least, I had something once which she has not." But the next moment the miserable triumph gave place to a purer and nobler satisfaction. "She is a good woman. I read it in her face,—her words confirm it. O God! I thank thee for that."
        The husband and wife turned slowly towards the house; and for an hour or more the unhappy creature lay there in the vineyard, utterly prostrate and motionless, save for the low sob which ever and anon broke from her: "O Lord! give me strength,—give me strength! Make me ready for the sacrifice,—even of my son, O Lord!" And He who spared Abraham's sacrifice spared hers.
        It was very late when she reached the inn,—she could hardly drag her feeble steps so far. The maid was alarmed when she saw her face, which was like that of the dead; and ran down-stairs, shrieking, for a doctor. The long-ago-despised Strumpf came; so doth fate sometimes avenge us. He sat up with her the remainder of that night, which he hardly thought she could live through. It seemed as though the springs of life had suddenly snapped,—whatever may have been the learned name the doctor gave the disease. She was utterly exhausted, yet her stomach refused food; even the stimulants given to her she could scarcely swallow. Late the next day, as Rudolph returned from a long drive with his wife, a letter was put into his hand. The messenger had been waiting some time, and said the matter was urgent. It came from the sick lady at the inn. The Count started as he looked at the superscription, and changed colour. Then he broke the seal with no steady hand, and turned into his own room to read the letter. It contained these few words,—
        "A contrite woman supplicates you to come and speak to her before she dies. She did not come here for this, Rudolph,—to trouble you in her last hour; but to accomplish a purpose which she prays earnestly she may see effected before she leaves the world. And the doctor says she has not many hours to live."
        Half an hour later Waldstein stood by the bedside of her whom he had once loved so well. He was shocked and deeply affected at the sight. In the wreck before him the beautiful Margaret was scarcely recognisable. Strange to say, she whose agony had been so poignant a few hours previous was now far calmer than he was. In this one might see that the hand of peace-restoring Death was upon her. The boy, in a passion of tears, was flung at the foot of the bed; the maid, too, was weeping bitterly. The good doctor stood there, and, as Count von Waldstein entered, poured something down the throat of the fast-sinking lady, to enable her to go through the interview upon which all her thoughts were fixed. Then he and the maid withdrew.
        She held out her hand.
        "I am glad you are come. It makes my going so much easier,—so much happier; though I have written it all,—all I had to say,—here." $he laid her hand upon a thick letter by her side. "And I never doubted but that you would fulfil that wish, at least. Darling boy, look up. Here is that papa, for whom you have prayed night and morning, come at last!"
        "If he is come to take you," said the boy, looking up through his tears into the stranger's face, "I don't want him. He shan't take you away, mother."
        She closed her eyes for a moment: there was a sting in the words the child little guessed.
        "It is not papa,—it is God who is taking me away, my boy. Rudolph, this is your first-born,—your only one. Take him, and be a father to him."
        "I will," murmured Waldstein, with averted face.
        "Do not visit my sins upon the child," she continued. "There is nothing about him that need ever remind you of me; it has made him doubly dear to me that he was so like you. And since it has not pleased God to bless your wife with a child, she will be as a mother to this one,—I know she will. I was in the vineyard last night, and heard her words. She has a good and tender heart; and if I hesitated before to entrust my child to her keeping, I need do so no longer."
        "She has always spoken compassionately of you, Margaret, and as I promise you solemnly for myself, so I can undertake for her, that the child shall be henceforward as our own."
        She stopped for breath, and then gasped out,—
        "I came here, meaning to ask you to take my darling; and then to go away, in my solitude, heart-broken. He was the only thing I had on earth, and I resolved, for his sake, to make the sacrifice. Why should I any longer stand between him and you,—between him and his future? But God was merciful, Rudolph,—it has pleased Him to spare me this. I am happy to go,—very happy. My life, though short, has been sad enough. I have nothing to regret in leaving it, since I was to be parted from my darling. And now,—while I can still see you, still hear your voice,—will you say that you forgive me, Rudolph?"
        He was on his knees beside her. She felt the hot tears on her hand as he pressed it to his lips.
        "My poor Margaret, we have both much need of forgiveness. I was much to blame,—perhaps more than you. I know it now. I will not speak of others. We will not try to cast the burden of our faults upon other shoulders in this solemn moment. Rather, let us ask God to forgive us our sins to Him, as we forgive our sins to one another."
        Then his strong, tremulous voice rose in humble prayer to the Father of Mercies, echoed by the faint whispers of the dying woman.
        Before night there fell a great peace and stillness upon that little room; and the child was sleeping, wearied out with sobs, in the Countess's dressing-room in Schloss Waldstein.

        Reader, I myself have seen some of the persons about whom I have here written. Years have passed since I stood upon that terrace, and, looking down into the vineyard below, thought upon these things: how folly and weakness work more evils in the world than wickedness itself; and how quickly a great happiness, which would have weathered the rudest storms of fate, may founder upon shores where no rock is to be seen.

The Black Ring<sup>[1]</sup>

by the Author of "Leonie Vermont" [Baroness Blaze de Bury]. Originally published in Bentley's Miscellany (Richard Bentley) v...